How to format your references using the International Journal of Multiphase Flow citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Multiphase Flow. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abbott, A., 2000. Physicists haunted by hints of Higgs boson. Nature 407, 118.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ricklefs, R.E., Bermingham, E., 2001. Nonequilibrium diversity dynamics of the Lesser Antillean avifauna. Science 294, 1522–1524.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kobayashi, S., Goto-Yamamoto, N., Hirochika, H., 2004. Retrotransposon-induced mutations in grape skin color. Science 304, 982.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhou, Y.T., Zhang, B., Zheng, S.J., Wang, J., San, X.Y., Ma, X.L., 2014. Atomic-scale decoration for improving the pitting corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels. Sci. Rep. 4, 3604.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lade, P.V., 2016. Triaxial Testing of Soils. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

DeMaris, A., 2013. Converting Data into Evidence: A Statistics Primer for the Medical Practitioner. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Srinivasan, S., Saghir, M.Z., 2013. Application of Algebraic Correlations to Study Thermodiffusion, in: Saghir, M.Z. (Ed.), Thermodiffusion in Multicomponent Mixtures: Thermodynamic, Algebraic, and Neuro-Computing Models, SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 77–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Multiphase Flow.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2015. Check Out These Trippy Photographs Of Australia Taken From The International Space Station [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/beautiful-and-trippy-photos-australia-space/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1980. Community-Based Correctional Programs Can Do More To Help Offenders (No. GGD-80-25). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kingsley, S.J., 2012. Preschool teachers’ perceptions of factors influencing their referral decisions for young children with severe behavior problems (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Branch, J., 2017. Turning His Back on Football. New York Times B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Abbott, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Abbott, 2000; Ricklefs and Bermingham, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ricklefs and Bermingham, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Zhou et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Multiphase Flow
ISSN (print)	0301-9322
Scope	Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes Mechanical Engineering General Physics and Astronomy