How to format your references using the Heart and Vessels citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart and Vessels. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C (2015) The future of science will soon be upon us. Nature 524:137

A journal article with 2 authors

Narbonne P, Roy R (2009) Caenorhabditis elegans dauers need LKB1/AMPK to ration lipid reserves and ensure long-term survival. Nature 457:210–214

A journal article with 3 authors

Liang Y, Wu D, Fu R (2013) Carbon microfibers with hierarchical porous structure from electrospun fiber-like natural biopolymer. Sci Rep 3:1119

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Dyhrman ST, Chappell PD, Haley ST, et al (2006) Phosphonate utilization by the globally important marine diazotroph Trichodesmium. Nature 439:68–71

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Koepsell D (2015) Who Owns You? John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Theron LC, Liebenberg L, Ungar M (2015) Youth Resilience and Culture: Commonalities and Complexities. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Lambrechts J, Sinha S (2016) Harvesting Energy from Ambient Sources: Wind Energy, Hydropower, Radiation and Mechanical Deformation. In: Sinha S (ed) Microsensing Networks for Sustainable Cities. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 101–134

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart and Vessels.

Blog post

Andrews R (2017) Chernobyl Set To Become Gigantic Solar Power Park. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1972) Drug Abuse Control Program Activities in Okinawa. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hao S (2013) An Introduction to Discrete Minimal Surfaces via the Enneper Surface. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Mets Lose Out on a Sweep as Familia and Flores Don’t Have It. New York Times B11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart and Vessels
Abbreviation	Heart Vessels
ISSN (print)	0910-8327
ISSN (online)	1615-2573
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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