How to format your references using the International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reichhardt T (2003) NASA: trawling through the wreckage. Nature 426:754–755

A journal article with 2 authors

Kale MJ, Christopher P (2015) PHYSICS. Plasmons at the interface. Science 349:587–588

A journal article with 3 authors

Rougier GW, Apesteguía S, Gaetano LC (2011) Highly specialized mammalian skulls from the Late Cretaceous of South America. Nature 479:98–102

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhang X, Liu Y, Wu B, et al (2013) Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus in southern China from 2011 to 2012. Sci Rep 3:3519

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Linacre AMT, Tobe SS (2013) Wildlife DNA Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Haddon L, Mante E, Sapio B, et al (2005) Everyday Innovators: Researching the Role of Users in Shaping ICT’s. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Melia F (2013) The Galactic Nucleus. In: Oswalt TD, Gilmore G (eds) Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems: Volume 5: Galactic Structure and Stellar Populations. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 243–270

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Uranus’ Unusually Stormy Activity Excites Scientists. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) VA Information Technology: Progress Made, but Continued Management Attention Is Key to Achieving Results. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chahine J (2013) Social workers’ perceptions of individuals who use drugs and alcohol problematically. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Meier A, Musick K (2012) Is the Family Dinner Overrated? New York Times SR9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval
Abbreviation	Int. J. Multimed. Inf. Retr.
ISSN (print)	2192-6611
ISSN (online)	2192-662X
Scope	Information Systems Media Technology Library and Information Sciences