How to format your references using the International Journal of Medical Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Medical Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J. Ellis, There’s a place for the theory of everything, Nature 403 (2000) 241–242.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

L. Attisano, J.L. Wrana, Signal transduction by the TGF-beta superfamily, Science 296 (2002) 1646–1647.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T.W. Schoener, D.A. Spiller, J.B. Losos, Predators increase the risk of catastrophic extinction of prey populations, Nature 412 (2001) 183–186.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D. Ma, N. Zerangue, Y.F. Lin, A. Collins, M. Yu, Y.N. Jan, L.Y. Jan, Role of ER export signals in controlling surface potassium channel numbers, Science 291 (2001) 316–319.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T.N. Seyfried, Cancer as a Metabolic Disease, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

X. Zheng, Stock Market Modeling and Forecasting: A System Adaptation Approach, Springer, London, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

W. Patton, M. McMahon, Comparison of the Current Theories, in: M. McMahon (Ed.), Career Development and Systems Theory: Connecting Theory and Practice, SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 2014: pp. 121–134.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Medical Informatics.

Blog post

[1]

B. Taub, Archaeologists Have Discovered A Brand New Ancient God, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/archaeologists-discovered-brand-new-ancient-god/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Energy and Science Reports and Testimony: 1992, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

G. Rossi, Anesthesiology, geriatric surgery, and the risk of post-operative cognitive dysfunction, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Hollander, Bryan Twins End Run of Opening-Round Losses, New York Times (2000) D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Medical Informatics
Abbreviation	Int. J. Med. Inform.
ISSN (print)	1386-5056
Scope	Health Informatics