How to format your references using the Geosystem Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geosystem Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Inan, U. (2005). Atmospheric science. Gamma rays made on Earth. Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5712), 1054–1055.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fearon, E. R., & Cadigan, K. M. (2005). Cell biology. Wnt signaling glows with RNAi. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5723), 801–803.

A journal article with 3 authors

Micklos, D., Lauter, S., & Nisselle, A. (2011). Essays on science and society. Lessons from a science education portal. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6063), 1657–1658.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Tadokoro, S., Shattil, S. J., Eto, K., Tai, V., Liddington, R. C., de Pereda, J. M., Ginsberg, M. H., & Calderwood, D. A. (2003). Talin binding to integrin beta tails: a final common step in integrin activation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5642), 103–106.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Berntsen, E. S., & Thompson, J. (2015). A Guide to Starting Your Hedge Fund. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Boyarchenko, S. (2007). Irreversible Decisions under Uncertainty: Optimal Stopping Made Easy (S. Levendorskii, Ed.; Vol. 27). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Georgiev, T. (2006). Covariant Derivatives and Vision. In A. Leonardis, H. Bischof, & A. Pinz (Eds.), Computer Vision – ECCV 2006: 9th European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7-13, 2006, Proceedings, Part IV (pp. 56–69). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geosystem Engineering.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2016, July 6). Ever Noticed Time Seems To Move Faster When You’re In Control Of Things? Science Can Explain Why. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/ever-noticed-time-seems-to-move-faster-when-youre-in-control-of-things-science-can-explain-why/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Updated Status of Department of Education’s Information Systems (T-AIMD-99-8). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

French, D. C. (2012). A Case against E-Waste: Where One Country’s Trash is (Not) Another Country’s Treasure: Developing National E-Waste Legislation to Regulate E-Waste Exportation [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2010, September 1). For U.S. Soccer And Bradley, Staying Put Is Right Move. New York Times, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Inan, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Fearon & Cadigan, 2005; Inan, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fearon & Cadigan, 2005)
Three authors: (Micklos et al., 2011)
6 or more authors: (Tadokoro et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geosystem Engineering
ISSN (print)	1226-9328
ISSN (online)	2166-3394
Scope	Environmental Engineering Pollution Waste Management and Disposal

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