How to format your references using the International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grosjean, M. (2001). Mid-Holocene climate in the south-central Andes: humid or dry? Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5526), 2391.

A journal article with 2 authors

Irwing, P., & Lynn, R. (2006). Intelligence: is there a sex difference in IQ scores? Nature, 442(7098), E1; discussion E1-2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gao, Y., Chen, G., & Chan, R. H. M. (2014). Naming game on networks: let everyone be both speaker and hearer. Scientific reports, 4, 6149.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Siddiqa, A., Sims-Mourtada, J. C., Guzman-Rojas, L., Rangel, R., Guret, C., Madrid-Marina, V., et al. (2001). Regulation of CD40 and CD40 ligand by the AT-hook transcription factor AKNA. Nature, 410(6826), 383–387.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schwedt, G. (2009). Chemie und Literatur - ein ungewöhnlicher Flirt. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Neri, E., Caramella, D., & Bartolozzi, C. (Eds.). (2008). Image Processing in Radiology: Current Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Edwards, S. A., & Vasudevan, N. (2010). Compiling SHIM. In S. K. Shukla & J.-P. Talpin (Eds.), Synthesis of Embedded Software: Frameworks and Methodologies for Correctness by Construction (pp. 121–146). Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2016, June 1). Hybrid Species Are On The March – With The Help Of Humans. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/hybrid-species-are-march-help-humans/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1978). Establishment of a Central Focal Point for Telecommunications Matters (No. B-131935). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nepal, R. M. (2006). Class II MHC Function in Macrophages and Mice Infected with Mycobacterium (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2013, September 2). A Roof Is Planned, but It’s a Waiting Game for Fans and Players. New York Times, p. D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grosjean 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Grosjean 2001; Irwing and Lynn 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Irwing and Lynn 2006)
Three or more authors: (Siddiqa et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Abbreviation	Int. J. Mech. Mater. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1823-0334
ISSN (online)	2198-2791
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science

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