How to format your references using the International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cannon, B. (2013). Cardiovascular disease: Biochemistry to behaviour. Nature, 493(7434), S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Heinrich, A., & Loth, S. (2011). Physics. A logical use for atoms. Science (New York, N.Y.), 332(6033), 1039–1040.

A journal article with 3 authors

Muheim, R., Phillips, J. B., & Akesson, S. (2006). Polarized light cues underlie compass calibration in migratory songbirds. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5788), 837–839.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Fixler, J. B., Foster, G. T., McGuirk, J. M., & Kasevich, M. A. (2007). Atom interferometer measurement of the newtonian constant of gravity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315(5808), 74–77.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Perini, K., & Sabbion, P. (2017). Urban Sustainability and River Restoration. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Sturmey, P. (2016). Pica in Individuals with Developmental Disabilities. (D. E. Williams, Ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Onken, R., & Schulte, A. (2010). Dual-Mode Cognitive Automation in Work Systems. In A. Schulte (Ed.), System-Ergonomic Design of Cognitive Automation: Dual-Mode Cognitive Design of Vehicle Guidance and Control Work Systems (pp. 79–127). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, November 3). Sinai Plane Crash: The Five Most Common Reasons For Airliner Disasters. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/sinai-plane-crash-five-most-common-reasons-airliner-disasters/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Voice of America: Management Actions Needed to Adjust to a Changing Environment (No. NSIAD-92-150). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Atwill, R. L. (2015). Evaluation of water and nitrogen management practices in southern US rice (Oryza sativa L.) production (Doctoral dissertation). Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. (2008, May 18). Jones Beach Tower Set for Restoration. New York Times, p. LI11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cannon 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Cannon 2013; Heinrich and Loth 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Heinrich and Loth 2011)
Three or more authors: (Fixler et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Abbreviation	Int. J. Mech. Mater. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1823-0334
ISSN (online)	2198-2791
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science