How to format your references using the International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Loder, N. (2000). UK space strategy slammed as lacking funds and vision. Nature, 406(6793), 222.

A journal article with 2 authors

Smaglik, P., & Frantz, S. (2003). The biotechnology sector’s craving for commercial expertise is fuelling a cultural exchange with drug industry. Nature, 422(6931), 542–543.

A journal article with 3 authors

Beldade, P., Koops, K., & Brakefield, P. M. (2002). Developmental constraints versus flexibility in morphological evolution. Nature, 416(6883), 844–847.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Haug, G. H., Hughen, K. A., Sigman, D. M., Peterson, L. C., & Röhl, U. (2001). Southward migration of the intertropical convergence zone through the Holocene. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5533), 1304–1308.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Blackford, R., & Schüklenk, U. (2013). 50 Great Myths about Atheism. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Andresen, K., & Steen, B. van der (Eds.). (2016). A European Youth Revolt: European Perspectives on Youth Protest and Social Movements in the 1980s. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

A chapter in an edited book

Porter, M. D., White, G., & Mazerolle, L. (2012). Innovative Methods for Terrorism and Counterterrorism Data. In C. Lum & L. W. Kennedy (Eds.), Evidence-Based Counterterrorism Policy (pp. 91–112). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, August 19). Poachers Kill Up To 40,000 African Elephants A Year. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1999). Transportation Infrastructure: Advantages and Disadvantages of Wrap-Up Insurance for Large Construction Projects (No. RCED-99-155). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sarkissian, L. N. (2009). An examination of course-level factors contributing to student success (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowen, T. (2016, April 15). A U.S. Middle-Class Revival, Powered by China. New York Times, p. BU6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Loder 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Loder 2000; Smaglik and Frantz 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Smaglik and Frantz 2003)
Three or more authors: (Haug et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Abbreviation	Int. J. Mech. Mater. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1823-0334
ISSN (online)	2198-2791
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science