How to format your references using the International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mann, M. E. (2002). Climate reconstruction. The value of multiple proxies. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5586), 1481–1482.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang, M., & Schekman, R. (2013). Cell biology. Unconventional secretion, unconventional solutions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 340(6132), 559–561.

A journal article with 3 authors

Huang, X., Hansen, N., & Tsuji, N. (2006). Hardening by annealing and softening by deformation in nanostructured metals. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5771), 249–251.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Murakami, K. S., Masuda, S., Campbell, E. A., Muzzin, O., & Darst, S. A. (2002). Structural basis of transcription initiation: an RNA polymerase holoenzyme-DNA complex. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5571), 1285–1290.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Li, C., & Lin, J. (2013). Microwave Noncontact Motion Sensing and Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Huang, J., Kowalczyk, R., Maamar, Z., Martin, D., Müller, I., Stoutenburg, S., & Sycara, K. P. (Eds.). (2007). Service-Oriented Computing: Agents, Semantics, and Engineering: AAMAS 2007 International Workshop, SOCASE 2007, Honolulu, HI, USA, May 14, 2007. Proceedings (Vol. 4504). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Meagher, R. J., & Wu, M. (2016). Microfluidic Approaches to Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) for Detecting RNA Targets in Single Cells. In C. Lu & S. S. Verbridge (Eds.), Microfluidic Methods for Molecular Biology (pp. 95–112). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, January 21). Fat And Sugar-Heavy Diet Harms Your Brain – And Makes You Keep On Eating. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/fat-and-sugar-heavy-diet-harms-your-brain-and-makes-you-keep-eating/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1989). Computer Systems: Types and Sources of Department of State Lookout Records (No. IMTEC-89-71FS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Coleman, E. D. (2014). The Nature of Leadership: A Case Study of Distributed Leadership Amidst A Participative Change Effort (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pear, R., & Kaplan, T. (2017, June 22). Senate Unveils Health Bill With Deep Medicaid Cuts, Similar to House Version. New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mann 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Mann 2002; Zhang and Schekman 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhang and Schekman 2013)
Three or more authors: (Murakami et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Abbreviation	Int. J. Mech. Mater. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1823-0334
ISSN (online)	2198-2791
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science