How to format your references using the International Journal of Marine Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Marine Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R. Flower, The man who knew doses, Nature. 406 (2000) 831.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J.L. Bada, A. Lazcano, Perceptions of science. Prebiotic soup--revisiting the Miller experiment, Science. 300 (2003) 745–746.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

K.D. Kavanagh, A.R. Evans, J. Jernvall, Predicting evolutionary patterns of mammalian teeth from development, Nature. 449 (2007) 427–432.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D. Chow, X. He, A.L. Snow, S. Rose-John, K.C. Garcia, Structure of an extracellular gp130 cytokine receptor signaling complex, Science. 291 (2001) 2150–2155.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Y. Murti, C. Vijayan, Essentials of Nonlinear Optics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

D. Poo, Object-Oriented Programming and Java, Second edition, Springer, London, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G.V. Korolev, M.M. Mogilevich, Kinetic Features of Three-Dimensional Free-Radical Copolymerization, in: M.M. Mogilevich (Ed.), Three-Dimensional Free-Radical Polymerization: Cross-Linked and Hyper-Branched Polymers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009: pp. 111–128.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Marine Energy.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, Sticky Plant Wears Armor of Dead Insects, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sticky-plant-wears-armor-dead-insects/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Charter Bus Service: Local Factors Determine Effectiveness of Federal Regulation, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

E.B. Lee, Environmental Thyroid Endocrine Disruption in Shiner Perch (Cymatogaster aggregata): An Analysis of Thyroid Glandular Function, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Hyduk, Looking to Take a City Where Grubb and Speed Never Did, New York Times. (2016) B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Marine Energy
Abbreviation	Int. J. Mar. Energy
ISSN (print)	2214-1669
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Ocean Engineering Environmental Science (miscellaneous) Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology