How to format your references using the International Journal of Leadership in Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Leadership in Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Qiu, J. (2009). Obituary: Qian Xuesen (1911-2009). Nature, 462(7274), 735.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ives, A. R., & Carpenter, S. R. (2007). Stability and diversity of ecosystems. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317(5834), 58–62.

A journal article with 3 authors

Maurer, S. M., Hugenholtz, P. B., & Onsrud, H. J. (2001). Intellectual property. Europe’s database experiment. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5543), 789–790.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Li, Q., Le May, M., Lacroix, N., & Chen, J. (2013). Induction of Pax3 gene expression impedes cardiac differentiation. Scientific Reports, 3, 2498.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Römer, H. (2004). Theoretical Optics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Friedrich, G., Helmert, M., & Wotawa, F. (Eds.). (2016). KI 2016: Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 39th Annual German Conference on AI, Klagenfurt, Austria, September 26-30, 2016, Proceedings (Vol. 9904). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Droste-Franke, B., Paal, B. P., Rehtanz, C., Sauer, D. U., Schneider, J.-P., Schreurs, M., & Ziesemer, T. (2012). Technologies for Balancing Electrical Energy and Power. In B. P. Paal, C. Rehtanz, D. U. Sauer, J.-P. Schneider, M. Schreurs, & T. Ziesemer (Eds.), Balancing Renewable Electricity: Energy Storage, Demand Side Management, and Network Extension from an Interdisciplinary Perspective (pp. 83–142). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Leadership in Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, February 12). Scientists Take First X-Ray Images Of Living Bacteria. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2015). Unmanned Aerial Systems: FAA Continues Progress toward Integration into the National Airspace (GAO-15-610). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dasari, R. A. (2016). Automatic driving system by recognizing road signs using digital image processing [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx, L. (2013, November 10). A Horse of a Different Color. New York Times, ST17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Qiu, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Ives & Carpenter, 2007; Qiu, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ives & Carpenter, 2007)
Three authors: (Maurer et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Li et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Leadership in Education
Abbreviation	Int. J. Lead.. Educ.
ISSN (print)	1360-3124
ISSN (online)	1464-5092
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Strategy and Management Education