How to format your references using the International Journal of Infectious Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Infectious Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maren S. Neuroscience. The threatened brain. Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1043–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Coussens LM, Werb Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 2002;420(6917):860–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kraft NJB, Valencia R, Ackerly DD. Functional traits and niche-based tree community assembly in an Amazonian forest. Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):580–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Seo M, Hong C, Lee SY, Choi HK, Kim N, Chung Y, et al. Multi-valued logic gates based on ballistic transport in quantum point contacts. Sci Rep. 2014 Jan 22;4:3806.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anthony B, Boudnik K, Adams C, Shao B, Lee C, Sasaki K. Professional Hadoop®. Indianapolis, IN, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

Meier A. eBusiness & eCommerce: Managing the Digital Value Chain. Stormer H, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Shaker N, Togelius J, Nelson MJ. Fractals, noise and agents with applications to landscapes. In: Togelius J, Nelson MJ, editors. Procedural Content Generation in Games. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 57–72. (Computational Synthesis and Creative Systems).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Infectious Diseases.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Scientists Use Snail Genomics To Fight Deadly Parasitic Disease [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-use-snail-genomics-to-fight-deadly-parasitic-disease/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Projects: Survey of State Departments of Transportation (GAO-12-637SP, June 2012), an E-supplement to GAO-12-593. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012 Jun. Report No.: GAO-12-637SP.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gill GJ. The experience of family caregiving of the terminally ill: A phenomenological study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Austen I, Gladstone R. Gunman’s Attack on Parliament Shakes Ottawa. New York Times. 2014 Oct 22;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Maren 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Coussens and Werb 2002; Maren 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Coussens and Werb 2002)
Three or more authors: (Seo et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Abbreviation	Int. J. Infect. Dis.
ISSN (print)	1201-9712
Scope	General Medicine Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)