How to format your references using the International Journal of Infectious Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Infectious Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Garner EC. GE Prize essay. Understanding a minimal DNA-segregating machine. Science 2008;322:1486–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ullman KS, Powers MA. STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY. Locking down the core of the pore. Science 2015;350:33–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rowe TB, Macrini TE, Luo Z-X. Fossil evidence on origin of the mammalian brain. Science 2011;332:955–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Keesing F, Belden LK, Daszak P, Dobson A, Harvell CD, Holt RD, et al. Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases. Nature 2010;468:647–52.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Monino J-L, Sedkaoui S. Big Data, Open Data and Data Development. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Wendler M, Buecker B, Tremml B, editors. Key Aspects of German Business Law: A Practical Manual. Third Edition. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Guo Z, Lamb S. Framework for Comparing China’s TVET System. In: Lamb S, editor. International Comparisons of China’s Technical and Vocational Education and Training System, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010, p. 75–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Infectious Diseases.

Blog post

Andrews R. These US Military Drones Can Swarm Together Using A Hive Mind. IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Release of Carson City Silver Dollar Bidders List. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Necaise KW. Effects of soybean-derived phytoestrogens on reproductive tract development in neonatal male and female pigs: Animal model for the human infant. Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J. Shepard’s Playground. New York Times 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Garner, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Garner, 2008; Ullman and Powers, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ullman and Powers, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Keesing et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Abbreviation	Int. J. Infect. Dis.
ISSN (print)	1201-9712
Scope	General Medicine Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)