How to format your references using the International Journal of Implant Dentistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Implant Dentistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Clay J. Freeze the footprint of food. Nature. 2011;475:287–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Indriolo E, Goring DR. Plant science. Pollen gets more complex. Science. 2010;330:767–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. O’Rahilly S, Barroso I, Wareham NJ. Genetic factors in type 2 diabetes: the end of the beginning? Science. 2005;307:370–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Berman-Frank I, Lundgren P, Chen YB, Küpper H, Kolber Z, Bergman B, et al. Segregation of nitrogen fixation and oxygenic photosynthesis in the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. Science. 2001;294:1534–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Soustelle M. An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2011.

An edited book

1. Ahmad P, Azooz MM, Prasad MNV, editors. Ecophysiology and Responses of Plants under Salt Stress. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Newman JO. ‘Mediating Amicably’? The Birth of the Trauerspiel Out of the Letter of Westphalia. In: Rivère de Carles N, editor. Early Modern Diplomacy, Theatre and Soft Power: The Making of Peace. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 69–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Implant Dentistry.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. The Scientific Way to Cut a Cake. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Funds: Fiscal Year 2001 Expenditures by Selected Organizations Involved in Health-Related Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 May. Report No.: GAO-03-527R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hogg JH. An assessment of social vulnerability in Yuba County, California [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Gustines GG. Vertigo, a DC Brand, Is Rebuilding With 6 New Series. New York Times. 2013 Jul 1;B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Implant Dentistry
Abbreviation	Int. J. Implant Dent.
ISSN (online)	2198-4034
Scope