How to format your references using the International Journal of Implant Dentistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Implant Dentistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Schiermeier Q. Europe told to unite on spy satellites. Nature. 2003;422:361.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Overpeck J, Udall B. Climate change. Dry times ahead. Science. 2010;328:1642–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Venditti C, Meade A, Pagel M. Multiple routes to mammalian diversity. Nature. 2011;479:393–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Acharya U, Patel S, Koundakjian E, Nagashima K, Han X, Acharya JK. Modulating sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway rescues photoreceptor degeneration. Science. 2003;299:1740–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Wubbolding RE. Reality Therapy and Self-Evaluation. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2017.

An edited book

1. Drislane FW, editor. Status Epilepticus: A Clinical Perspective. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Guo T, Liu F, Wu C, Ren Y, Wang W. On $(k, n) ( k , n ) Visual Cryptography Scheme with t$ t Essential Parties. In: Padró C, editor. Information Theoretic Security: 7th International Conference, ICITS 2013, Singapore, November 28-30, 2013, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 56–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Implant Dentistry.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. New Findings: Anxiety Is Linked To Death From Cancer In Men. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Digests of Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States, Vol. II, No. 5. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Feb. Report No.: 144236.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. McDuffie CA. Melodies of intervention: Music therapy for transitional-age youth: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW, Robertson C. Just Before Deadline, County in Alabama Delays Bankruptcy Move. New York Times. 2011 Jul 29;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Implant Dentistry
Abbreviation	Int. J. Implant Dent.
ISSN (online)	2198-4034
Scope