How to format your references using the International Journal of Implant Dentistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Implant Dentistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Knight J. Drugs firms inflate research costs, watchdog says. Nature. 2001;412:571.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Romanowicz B, Gung Y. Superplumes from the core-mantle boundary to the lithosphere: implications for heat flux. Science. 2002;296:513–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Meissner M, Schlüter D, Soldati D. Role of Toxoplasma gondii myosin A in powering parasite gliding and host cell invasion. Science. 2002;298:837–40.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zehr JP, Bench SR, Carter BJ, Hewson I, Niazi F, Shi T, et al. Globally distributed uncultivated oceanic N2-fixing cyanobacteria lack oxygenic photosystem II. Science. 2008;322:1110–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Birke D. Social Networks and their Economics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

1. Jacko JA, editor. Human-Computer Interaction. Interaction Techniques and Environments: 14th International Conference, HCI International 2011, Orlando, FL, USA, July 9-14, 2011, Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Wicaksono B, Nanjegowda RC, Chapman B. A Dynamic Optimization Framework for OpenMP. In: Chapman BM, Gropp WD, Kumaran K, Müller MS, editors. OpenMP in the Petascale Era: 7th International Workshop on OpenMP, IWOMP 2011, Chicago, IL, USA, June 13-15, 2011 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 54–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Implant Dentistry.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. Watch Live As A Giraffe Gives Birth On Camera [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/watch-live-as-a-giraffe-gives-birth-on-camera/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Preliminary Information on Aircraft Icing and Winter Operations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010 Feb. Report No.: GAO-10-441T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Addington LM. Students’ Preferences for Information Sources during the Undergraduate College Search Process: The Influence of Technology [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Stack L, Schweber N. 2 Shot by Undercover New York City Officer in Westchester. New York Times. 2015 Aug 29;A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Implant Dentistry
Abbreviation	Int. J. Implant Dent.
ISSN (online)	2198-4034
Scope