How to format your references using the International Journal of Health Geographics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Health Geographics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Tegmark M. Measuring spacetime: from the big bang to black holes. Science. 2002;296:1427–33.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ito T, Okazaki S. Pushing the limits of lithography. Nature. 2000;406:1027–31.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Newell RG, Pizer WA, Raimi D. Environmental economics. Carbon market lessons and global policy outlook. Science. 2014;343:1316–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Mou X, Sun S, Edwards RA, Hodson RE, Moran MA. Bacterial carbon processing by generalist species in the coastal ocean. Nature. 2008;451:708–11.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Silvapulle MJ, Sen PK. Constrained Statistical Inference: Inequality, Order, and Shape Restrictions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2001.

An edited book

1. Horne R, editor. Embracing Global Computing in Emerging Economies: First Workshop, EGC 2015, Almaty, Kazakhstan, February 26-28, 2015. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Shi J, Cheng L, Gershon ES, Liu C. G72/G30 in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. In: Lajtha A, Javitt D, Kantrowitz J, editors. Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology: Schizophrenia. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009. p. 91–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Health Geographics.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Astronomers Spot Closest Star In Orbit Around A Black Hole [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-spot-closest-star-in-orbit-around-a-black-hole/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Hispanic Employment: Best Practices Used by Selected Agencies and Companies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 Mar. Report No.: GGD-97-46R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Packer CD. School Referenda and Ohio Department of Education Typologies: An Investigation of the Outcomes of First Attempt School Operating Levies from 2002–2010 [Doctoral dissertation]. [Cincinnati, OH]: University of Cincinnati; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. McKINLEY JC Jr. Rikers Guards Accused of Turning a Blind Eye to, or Even Enabling, Sex Assaults. New York Times. 2017 Sep 22;A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Health Geographics
Abbreviation	Int. J. Health Geogr.
ISSN (online)	1476-072X
Scope	General Business, Management and Accounting General Computer Science Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health