How to format your references using the International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Deweerdt S (2012) Comparative biology: Looking for a master switch. Nature 492:S10-1

A journal article with 2 authors

Westhof E, Massire C (2004) Structural biology. Evolution of RNA architecture. Science 306:62–63

A journal article with 3 authors

Shubin NH, Daeschler EB, Coates MI (2004) The early evolution of the tetrapod humerus. Science 304:90–93

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gabaix X, Gopikrishnan P, Plerou V, Stanley HE (2003) A theory of power-law distributions in financial market fluctuations. Nature 423:267–270

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brown M, Cutler TJ (2012) Haematology Nursing. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, UK

An edited book

Naka K (2007) Biomineralization I: Crystallization and Self-Organization Process. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Wang Y, Wang J (2012) Finite Precision Extended Alternating Projection Neural Network (FPEAP). In: Huang D-S, Gan Y, Premaratne P, Han K (eds) Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications: 7th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2011, Zhengzhou,China, August 11-14. 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 20–25

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) New Study Supports Links Between Dementia And Vitamin D Deficiency. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-study-supports-links-between-dementia-and-vitamin-d-deficiency/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) Telecommunications: Additional Federal Efforts Could Help Advance Digital Television Transition. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Augeri JE (2015) Supportive Services for Homeless Veteran Women: Policy Implementation and Discretionary Practices of Those at the Front-Lines of Public Service. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chapman MM, Maynard M (2010) Thousands Line Up at Ballpark For Farewell to Voice of Tigers. New York Times B12

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering
ISSN (print)	2199-9260
ISSN (online)	2199-9279
Scope