How to format your references using the International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tarlinton DM (2014) Immunology: To affinity and beyond. Nature 509:573–574

A journal article with 2 authors

Ortíz-Barrientos D, Noor MAF (2005) Evidence for a one-allele assortative mating locus. Science 310:1467

A journal article with 3 authors

Sackmann EK, Fulton AL, Beebe DJ (2014) The present and future role of microfluidics in biomedical research. Nature 507:181–189

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Syassen N, Bauer DM, Lettner M, et al (2008) Strong dissipation inhibits losses and induces correlations in cold molecular gases. Science 320:1329–1331

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lacalle D, Parrilla D (2015) The Energy World is Flat. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Tong L (2010) Subwavelength and Nanometer Diameter Optical Fibers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Becvar A, Hollan J, Hutchins E (2008) Representational Gestures as Cognitive Artifacts for Developing Theories in a Scientific Laboratory. In: Halverson CA, Erickson T, Kellogg WA (eds) Resources, Co-Evolution and Artifacts: Theory in CSCW. Springer, London, pp 117–143

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Iconic Boab Trees Trace Journeys Of Ancient Aboriginal People. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003) Transportation Research: Actions Needed to Improve Coordination and Evaluation of Research. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nichols J (2012) Genetic and genomic mechanisms of neonatal hyperoxic lung injury in the inbred mouse. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sachs S (2001) CITY POPULATION TOPS 8 MILLION IN CENSUS COUNT FOR FIRST TIME. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering
ISSN (print)	2199-9260
ISSN (online)	2199-9279
Scope