How to format your references using the International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jackson ST (2009) History of science. Alexander von Humboldt and the general physics of the Earth. Science 324:596–597

A journal article with 2 authors

Arokiaraj MC, Palacios IF (2014) Finite element modeling of a novel self-expanding endovascular stent method in treatment of aortic aneurysms. Sci Rep 4:3630

A journal article with 3 authors

Brookmeyer R, Johnson E, Bollinger R (2004) Public health vaccination policies for containing an anthrax outbreak. Nature 432:901–904

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Hirschey MD, Shimazu T, Goetzman E, et al (2010) SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation by reversible enzyme deacetylation. Nature 464:121–125

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lowman M (2017) A Practical Guide to Analytics for Governments. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Goossens S (2016) Memory Controllers for Mixed-Time-Criticality Systems: Architectures, Methodologies and Trade-offs. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Dudgeon R (2016) Emergency Medical Services. In: Wolfson N, Lerner A, Roshal L (eds) Orthopedics in Disasters: Orthopedic Injuries in Natural Disasters and Mass Casualty Events. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 29–35

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Get Ready To Celebrate “Galactic Tick Day” This September. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/get-ready-to-celebrate-galactic-tick-day-this-september/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1975) Information on the New Community of Soul City, North Carolina. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shearer J (2012) Application of the recovery model in clinical practice. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kennedy R, Davey M, Yaccino S (2014) Foundations Aim to Save Pensions in Detroit Crisis. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering
ISSN (print)	2199-9260
ISSN (online)	2199-9279
Scope