How to format your references using the International Journal of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wilczek F. An explorer and surveyor. Nature. 2005 Oct 20;437(7062):1095.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dill KA, MacCallum JL. The protein-folding problem, 50 years on. Science. 2012 Nov 23;338(6110):1042–1046.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pollitz FF, Wicks C, Thatcher W. Mantle flow beneath a continental strike-slip fault: postseismic deformation after the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake. Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1814–1818.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ballentine CJ, Schoell M, Coleman D, Cain BA. 300-Myr-old magmatic CO2 in natural gas reservoirs of the west Texas Permian basin. Nature. 2001 Jan 18;409(6818):327–331.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Safonov VO. Using Aspect-Oriented Programming for Trustworthy Software Development. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Castillo E. A Unified Statistical Methodology for Modeling Fatigue Damage. Fernández-Canteli A, editor. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Luna-Elizarrarás ME, Shapiro M, Struppa DC, Vajiac A. Geometry and Trigonometric Representations of Bicomplex Numbers. In: Shapiro M, Struppa DC, Vajiac A, editors. Bicomplex Holomorphic Functions: The Algebra, Geometry and Analysis of Bicomplex Numbers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 51–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Epidemiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Computer Scientists Generate A Self-Aware Mario That Can Learn And Feel [Internet]. IFLScience IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/computer-scientists-generate-self-aware-mario-can-learn-and-feel/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Judiciary: Information on the Weighted Filings Assigned to Senior District and Magistrate Judges in Fiscal Year 1997 in 21 District Courts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Mar. Report No.: GGD-99-37R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams AP. Reentry of Substance Abusing Female Ex-Offenders from Prison to an Urban Community [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nechepurenko I, Hubbard B. On Trip to Moscow, King Seeks Warmer Relations. New York Times. 2017 Oct 5;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0300-5771
ISSN (online)	1464-3685
Scope	General Medicine Epidemiology

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