How to format your references using the International Journal of Design citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Design. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Duncan, S. R. (2012). Perspective: Clues, not conclusions. Nature, 489(7417), S15.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mbadugha, C. A., & Onakoya, A. O. (2014). The awareness, perceptions and experiences of primary open angle glaucoma patients in Lagos Nigeria. Scientific Reports, 4, 7585.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bordenstein, S. R., O’Hara, F. P., & Werren, J. H. (2001). Wolbachia-induced incompatibility precedes other hybrid incompatibilities in Nasonia. Nature, 409(6821), 707–710.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Galindo, M. I., Bishop, S. A., Greig, S., & Couso, J. P. (2002). Leg patterning driven by proximal-distal interactions and EGFR signaling. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5579), 256–259.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allan, D., & Bragg, N. (2012). 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging Design and Evolution. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

White, C. (Ed.). (2009). The Materiality of Individuality: Archaeological Studies of Individual Lives. Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Sebastião, D., Martijn Kuipers, B. W., & Correia, L. M. (2015). Exposure Assessment in Heterogeneous Networks Accounting for up- and Downlinks. In R. Agüero, T. Zinner, M. García-Lozano, B.-L. Wenning, & A. Timm-Giel (Eds.), Mobile Networks and Management: 7th International Conference, MONAMI 2015, Santander, Spain, September 16-18, 2015, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 43–54). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Design.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2017, February 3). Don’t Panic: The Northern Lights Won’t Be Turning Off Anytime Soon. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2000). Pipeline Safety: The Office of Pipeline Safety Is Changing How It Oversees the Pipeline Industry (RCED-00-128). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Goshin, L. S. (2010). Behavior Problems and Competence in Preschoolers Who Spent Their First One to Eighteen Months in a Prison Nursery Program [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt, M. S., & Apuzzo, M. (2017, June 15). Mueller’s Moves Point to Inquiry Aimed at Trump. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Duncan, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Duncan, 2012; Mbadugha & Onakoya, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mbadugha & Onakoya, 2014)
Three authors: (Bordenstein et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Galindo et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Design
ISSN (print)	1991-3761
ISSN (online)	1994-036X
Scope