How to format your references using the International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baulcombe DC (2007) Molecular biology. Amplified silencing. Science 315:199–200

A journal article with 2 authors

Schwarzman MR, Wilson MP (2009) Science and regulation. New science for chemicals policy. Science 326:1065–1066

A journal article with 3 authors

Pagel M, Atkinson QD, Meade A (2007) Frequency of word-use predicts rates of lexical evolution throughout Indo-European history. Nature 449:717–720

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Mulitza S, Heslop D, Pittauerova D, et al (2010) Increase in African dust flux at the onset of commercial agriculture in the Sahel region. Nature 466:226–228

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pearce R, Barnes S (2006) Raising Venture Capital. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Brown ID, Poeppelmeier KR (2014) Bond Valences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Liitos H-M, Kallio E, Tynjälä P (2012) Transformations Toward Mature Thinking: Challenges for Education and Learning. In: Tynjälä P, Stenström M-L, Saarnivaara M (eds) Transitions and Transformations in Learning and Education. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 51–66

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) Health Check: Which Fruits Are Healthier, And In What Form? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/health-check-which-fruits-are-healthier-and-in-what-form/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Student and Exchange Visitor Program: DHS Needs to Take Actions to Strengthen Monitoring of Schools. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marlatt ES (2013) Effects of accelerated instruction on achievement gains of underprepared Catholic high school freshmen. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S, Sulcas R (2015) Acid Attack Victim to Leave the Bolshoi. New York Times C4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
Abbreviation	Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1861-6410
ISSN (online)	1861-6429
Scope	General Medicine Health Informatics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Surgery

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