How to format your references using the International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bainbridge WS (2003) Perceptions of science essay. Privacy and property on the Net: research questions. Science 302:1686–1687

A journal article with 2 authors

Schreiber H, Rowley DA (2008) Cancer. Quo vadis, specificity? Science 319:164–165

A journal article with 3 authors

Shelly DR, Beroza GC, Ide S (2007) Non-volcanic tremor and low-frequency earthquake swarms. Nature 446:305–307

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Orphan VJ, House CH, Hinrichs KU, et al (2001) Methane-consuming archaea revealed by directly coupled isotopic and phylogenetic analysis. Science 293:484–487

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wing C (2012) How Your House Works. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Yevzlin AS, Asif A, Salman L (2014) Interventional Nephrology: Principles and Practice. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Sacchi L, Bellazzi R, Larizza C, et al (2005) Learning Rules with Complex Temporal Patterns in Biomedical Domains. In: Miksch S, Hunter J, Keravnou ET (eds) Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: 10th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 2005, Aberdeen, UK, July 23-27, 2005. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 23–32

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2015) NASA Shows Off Psychedelic Pluto. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-shows-psychedelic-pluto/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015) Women in STEM Research: Federal Agencies Differ in the Data They Collect on Grant Applicants. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wiedeman LD (2012) Acceptance promoting and hindering interactions in integrative behavioral couple therapy. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hanc J (2017) Longer and Better. New York Times F4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
Abbreviation	Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1861-6410
ISSN (online)	1861-6429
Scope	General Medicine Health Informatics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Surgery