How to format your references using the International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Knoepfler P (2009) Journal club. A cell biologist looks at the risk and promise of a new insight into stem cells and cancer. Nature 457:361

A journal article with 2 authors

Guiver MD, Lee YM (2013) Materials science. Polymer rigidity improves microporous membranes. Science 339:284–285

A journal article with 3 authors

Lutz W, Sanderson W, Scherbov S (2008) The coming acceleration of global population ageing. Nature 451:716–719

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Sha ZD, Quek SS, Pei QX, et al (2014) Inverse pseudo Hall-Petch relation in polycrystalline graphene. Sci Rep 4:5991

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zinkin J (2013) Rebuilding Trust in Banks. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

O¿Donnell RW (2008) Intellectual Property in the Food Technology Industry: Protecting Your Innovation. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Heinzmann G, Trognon A, Tremblay F (2014) Correspondence Between Evert Willem Beth and Jean Piaget (1951–1955). In: Rebuschi M, Batt M, Heinzmann G, et al (eds) Interdisciplinary Works in Logic, Epistemology, Psychology and Linguistics: Dialogue, Rationality, and Formalism. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 45–93

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery.

Blog post

Evans K (2017) 2 Tragedies Intersected To Give This Man A Face Transplant — And The Story That Unfolded Is Powerful. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) Aviation Security: TSA’s Staffing Allocation Model Is Useful for Allocating Staff among Airports, but Its Assumptions Should Be Systematically Reassessed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hawkins AJ (2013) Measurement of the spacial distribution of heat exchange in a geothermal analog bedrock site using fiber-otic distributed temperature sensing. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2011) An Underachieving Symbol of the Mets’ Lost Decade. New York Times B15

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
Abbreviation	Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1861-6410
ISSN (online)	1861-6429
Scope	General Medicine Health Informatics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Surgery