How to format your references using the International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jayaraman KS (2005) Biotech boom. Nature 436:480–483

A journal article with 2 authors

Zahn LM, Travis J (2015) Mutation and Human Disease. Hunting Mutations, Targeting Disease. Introduction. Science 349:1470–1471

A journal article with 3 authors

Sun A, Lauher JW, Goroff NS (2006) Preparation of poly(diiododiacetylene), an ordered conjugated polymer of carbon and iodine. Science 312:1030–1034

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wang D, Kong L, Fan P, et al (2018) Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor. Science 362:333–335

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mack I (2014) Energy Trading and Risk Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Meroni G (2012) TRIM/RBCC Proteins. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Passeron T (2016) Acquired hypomelanosis. In: Passeron T, Ortonne J-P (eds) Atlas of Pigmentary Disorders. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 129–183

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) Mysterious Beached Whale Baffles Researchers. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/rare-beaked-whale-found-unusual-teeth-which-baffles-researchers/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997) FCC: Ka-Band Satellite Application and Licensing Procedure. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tengco MA (2017) Quality Home Care: Providing Personal Care and Homemaking Services for Seniors in the Community. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper M, Pogrebin R (2017) Concern Over Gala As Trumps Bow Out. New York Times C1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
Abbreviation	Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1861-6410
ISSN (online)	1861-6429
Scope	General Medicine Health Informatics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Surgery