How to format your references using the International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fedoroff, N. V. (2003). Agriculture. Prehistoric GM corn. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5648), 1158–1159.

A journal article with 2 authors

Youngs, H., & Somerville, C. (2014). Plant science. Best practices for biofuels. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6188), 1095–1096.

A journal article with 3 authors

McGinty, R. K., Henrici, R. C., & Tan, S. (2014). Crystal structure of the PRC1 ubiquitylation module bound to the nucleosome. Nature, 514(7524), 591–596.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Warren, W. S., Jenista, E., Branca, R. T., & Chen, X. (2009). Increasing hyperpolarized spin lifetimes through true singlet eigenstates. Science (New York, N.Y.), 323(5922), 1711–1714.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wolf, K. H., & Barnes, R. (2010). VoIP Emergency Calling. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Saka, M. (Ed.). (2011). Metallic Micro and Nano Materials: Fabrication with Atomic Diffusion. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Gordis, J. H. (2014). Optimal Selection of Artificial Boundary Conditions for Model Update and Damage Detection – Part 2: Experiment. In R. Allemang, J. De Clerck, C. Niezrecki, & A. Wicks (Eds.), Topics in Modal Analysis, Volume 7: Proceedings of the 31st IMAC, A Conference on Structural Dynamics, 2013 (pp. 37–60). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016, June 27). Enormous Helium Discovery Could End Shortage. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/enormous-helium-discovery-could-end-shortage/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1973). Difficulties of the Neighborhood Youth Corps In-School Program and Its Management Problems (B-130515). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Saifman, H. P. (2017). Millennial Nurse Manager Perspectives on Their Leadership Roles in the Hospital Setting: A Phenomenological Inquiry [Doctoral dissertation]. Florida Atlantic University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J. (2017, June 29). Backstage With Van Halen. New York Times, BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fedoroff, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Fedoroff, 2003; Youngs & Somerville, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Youngs & Somerville, 2014)
Three authors: (McGinty et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Warren et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice
Abbreviation	Int. J. Comp. Appl. Crim. Justice
ISSN (print)	0192-4036
ISSN (online)	2157-6475
Scope

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