How to format your references using the International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bradforth, S. (2011). Chemistry. Tracking state-to-state bimolecular reaction dynamics in solution. Science (New York, N.Y.), 331(6023), 1398–1399.

A journal article with 2 authors

Appavoo, K., & Haglund, R. F., Jr. (2014). Polarization selective phase-change nanomodulator. Scientific Reports, 4, 6771.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rhode, S. C., Pawlowski, M., & Tollrian, R. (2001). The impact of ultraviolet radiation on the vertical distribution of zooplankton of the genus Daphnia. Nature, 412(6842), 69–72.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Veaute, X., Jeusset, J., Soustelle, C., Kowalczykowski, S. C., Le Cam, E., & Fabre, F. (2003). The Srs2 helicase prevents recombination by disrupting Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments. Nature, 423(6937), 309–312.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stoop, I., Billiet, J., Koch, A., & Fitzgerald, R. (2010). Improving Survey Response. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Loue, S. (Ed.). (2013). Mental Health Practitioner’s Guide to HIV/AIDS. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Nishino, S. (2011). Histamine in Narcolepsy and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness. In C. R. Baumann, C. L. Bassetti, & T. E. Scammell (Eds.), Narcolepsy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment (pp. 47–60). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2016, June 20). Watching A Fire Burn In Space Is Pretty Cool. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1989). Equal Employment Opportunity: Actions Needed for FAA to Implement Committee Recommendations in the Airline Industry (HRD-89-100). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

He, W. (2017). A Comprehensive Analysis of Fracture Initiation and Propagation in Sandstones based on Micro-Level Observation and Digital Imaging Correlation [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. (2016, November 21). She Breaks the Mold, and Keeps On Giving. New York Times, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bradforth, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Appavoo & Haglund, 2014; Bradforth, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Appavoo & Haglund, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Veaute et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice
Abbreviation	Int. J. Comp. Appl. Crim. Justice
ISSN (print)	0192-4036
ISSN (online)	2157-6475
Scope