How to format your references using the International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Davidson, E. H. (2012). Retrospective. Roy J. Britten (1919-2012). Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6073), 1183.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schulz, H. N., & Schulz, H. D. (2005). Large sulfur bacteria and the formation of phosphorite. Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5708), 416–418.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lacks, D. J., Van Orman, J. A., & Lesher, C. E. (2012). Isotope fractionation in silicate melts. Nature, 482(7385), E1; discussion E1-2.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Tom, S. M., Fox, C. R., Trepel, C., & Poldrack, R. A. (2007). The neural basis of loss aversion in decision-making under risk. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315(5811), 515–518.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Good, P. I. (2013). Introduction to Statistics Through Resampling Methods and R. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Cebeci, T. (2005). Analysis of Low-Speed Unsteady Airfoil Flows (M. Platzer, H. Chen, K.-C. Chang, & J. P. Shao, Eds.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kaltenbacher, B. (2013). Convergence Rates for the Iteratively Regularized Landweber Iteration in Banach Space. In D. Hömberg & F. Tröltzsch (Eds.), System Modeling and Optimization: 25th IFIP TC 7 Conference, CSMO 2011, Berlin, Germany, September 12-16, 2011, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 38–48). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, April 9). Neolithic Bling Provides Clues To Spread Of Farming In Europe. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/neolithic-bling-provides-clues-spread-farming-europe/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1999). District of Columbia Public Schools: Audit Confirms Reasonableness of Enrollment Count, but Report’s Presentation Is Unclear (HEHS-99-66R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gomez, S. (2012). Support group for caregivers coping with their child diagnosed with autism: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Jeffries, M. P. (2017, August 24). The Rage in Harlem, and Beyond. New York Times, BR18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Davidson, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Davidson, 2012; Schulz & Schulz, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schulz & Schulz, 2005)
Three authors: (Lacks et al., 2012)
6 or more authors: (Tom et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice
Abbreviation	Int. J. Comp. Appl. Crim. Justice
ISSN (print)	0192-4036
ISSN (online)	2157-6475
Scope