How to format your references using the International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fields, H. L. (2014). Neuroscience. More pain; less gain. Science (New York, N.Y.), 345(6196), 513–514.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brochard-Wyart, F., & de Gennes, P. G. (2003). Physics. How soft skin wrinkles. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5618), 441.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ragunathan, K., Jih, G., & Moazed, D. (2015). Epigenetics. Epigenetic inheritance uncoupled from sequence-specific recruitment. Science (New York, N.Y.), 348(6230), 1258699.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Zachos, J. C., Wara, M. W., Bohaty, S., Delaney, M. L., Petrizzo, M. R., Brill, A., Bralower, T. J., & Premoli-Silva, I. (2003). A transient rise in tropical sea surface temperature during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5650), 1551–1554.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kimberlin, L., zur Linden, A., & Ruoff, L. (2016). Atlas of Clinical Imaging and Anatomy of the Equine Head. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bloem, R., & Lipp, P. (Eds.). (2013). Trusted Systems: 5th International Conference, INTRUST 2013, Graz, Austria, December 4-5, 2013, Proceedings (Vol. 8292). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Melo, P. S., Marcato, P. D., de Araújo, D. R., & Durán, N. (2014). In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays of Nanoparticles on Different Cell Lines. In N. Durán, S. S. Guterres, & O. L. Alves (Eds.), Nanotoxicology: Materials, Methodologies, and Assessments (pp. 111–123). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2015, July 22). Evolving Galaxy Spotted In The Early Universe For The First Time. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/evolving-galaxy-spotted-early-universe-first-time/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2014). Special Education: Improved Performance Measures Could Enhance Oversight of Dispute Resolution (GAO-14-390). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Do, Y. K. (2008). Effects of informal care on caregivers’ labor market outcomes and health in South Korea [Doctoral dissertation]. University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Coscarelli, J., Ryzik, M., & Sisario, B. (2017, May 21). Anger, Lawsuits and Inquiry Follow Music Festival’s Failure. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fields, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Brochard-Wyart & de Gennes, 2003; Fields, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Brochard-Wyart & de Gennes, 2003)
Three authors: (Ragunathan et al., 2015)
6 or more authors: (Zachos et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice
Abbreviation	Int. J. Comp. Appl. Crim. Justice
ISSN (print)	0192-4036
ISSN (online)	2157-6475
Scope