How to format your references using the International Journal of Communication citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Communication. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Binzel, R. P. (2012). Planetary science. A golden spike for planetary science. Science (New York, N.Y.), 338(6104), 203–204.

A journal article with 2 authors

Otsuki, M., & Matsukawa, H. (2013). Systematic breakdown of Amontons’ law of friction for an elastic object locally obeying Amontons’ law. Scientific Reports, 3, 1586.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ismail-Zadeh, A., Honda, S., & Tsepelev, I. (2013). Linking mantle upwelling with the lithosphere descent [corrected] and the Japan Sea evolution: a hypothesis. Scientific Reports, 3, 1137.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Alper, H., Moxley, J., Nevoigt, E., Fink, G. R., & Stephanopoulos, G. (2006). Engineering yeast transcription machinery for improved ethanol tolerance and production. Science (New York, N.Y.), 314(5805), 1565–1568.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Seeber, P., & Shander, A. (2012). Basics of Blood Management. Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Reis, R., Cao, Y., & Wirth, G. (Eds.). (2015). Circuit Design for Reliability. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Chakravarthy, S., & Jiang, Q. (2009). MODELING CONTINUOUS QUERIES OVER DATA STREAMS. In S. Chakravarthy (Ed.), Stream Data Processing: A Quality of Service Perspective: Modeling, Scheduling, Load Shedding, and Complex Event Processing (pp. 49–93). Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Communication.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2017, March 3). Idiots Stone Crocodile To Death At A Zoo In Tunisia. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/idiots-stone-crocodile-to-death-at-a-zoo-in-tunisia/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2009). Survey of Metropolitan Planning Organizations (GAO-09-867SP, September 2009), an E-supplement to GAO-09-868 (GAO-09-867SP). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carpenter, K. J. (2017). The Relationship between School Leadership Practices And School Climate [Doctoral dissertation]. Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stellin, S. (2017, September 18). If Your Flight’s On-Time Ranking Seemed Too High, It Probably Was. New York Times, B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Binzel, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Binzel, 2012; Otsuki & Matsukawa, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Otsuki & Matsukawa, 2013)
Three authors: (Ismail-Zadeh et al., 2013)
6 or more authors: (Alper et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Communication
ISSN (print)	1932-8036
Scope