How to format your references using the International Journal of Clinical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Clinical Research (IJCR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
1. Schoggins JW. IMMUNOLOGY. Viruses carry antiviral cargo. Science. 2015 September 11;3496253:1166–7. PMID: 26359389.
A journal article with 2 authors
1. Rogers RD, Seddon KR. Chemistry. Ionic liquids--solvents of the future? Science. 2003 October 31;3025646:792–3. PMID: 14593156.
A journal article with 3 authors
1. Titus SL, Wells JA, Rhoades LJ. Repairing research integrity. Nature. 2008 June 19;4537198:980–2. PMID: 18563131.
A journal article with 7 or more authors
1. Jiang J, Ou-Yang L, Zhu L, Zou J, Tang H. Novel one-pot fabrication of lab-on-a-bubble@Ag substrate without coupling-agent for surface enhanced Raman scattering. Sci Rep. 2014 February 3;4:3942. PMID: 24487575.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
1. Bragg SM. The New CFO Financial Leadership Manual. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010 November 29.
An edited book
1. Demirkan H, Spohrer JC, Krishna V, editors. Service Systems Implementation. 1st ed. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2011.
A chapter in an edited book
1. Boehlke J, Osińska M. Examples of Experiments in Macroeconomics. In: Nermend K, Łatuszyńska M, editors. Selected Issues in Experimental Economics: Proceedings of the 2015 Computational Methods in Experimental Economics (CMEE) Conference, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 57–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Clinical Research.

Blog post
1. Andrew E. Scientists Discover Fundamental Property of Light – 150 Years After Maxwell. IFLScience. 2015 June 30. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/scientists-discover-fundamental-property-light-150-years-after-maxwell/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
1. Government Accountability Office. New L.A. Federal Courthouse: Evidence Is Insufficient To Suggest That Congress Reconsider Its Approval. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 March 23.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
1. Chaves JS. Novel approach for the creation of thin films and interconnects using single walled carbon nanotubes inkjet technology and bacteria. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
1. Forsythe M. Billionaire Critic of China Requests Asylum in U.S. New York Times. 2017 September 7:A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleInternational Journal of Clinical Research
ISSN (print)2675-2611
Scope

Other styles