How to format your references using the International Journal of Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Haddad NM. ECOLOGY. Corridors for people, corridors for nature. Science 2015;350:1166–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Guzman J, Stern S. Innovation economics. Where is Silicon Valley? Science 2015;347:606–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Moellering ER, Muthan B, Benning C. Freezing tolerance in plants requires lipid remodeling at the outer chloroplast membrane. Science 2010;330:226–8.

A journal article with 13 or more authors

Lizarralde D, Gaherty JB, Collins JA, Hirth G, Kim SD. Spreading-rate dependence of melt extraction at mid-ocean ridges from mantle seismic refraction data. Nature 2004;432:744–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paladino B. Corporate Performance Management Best Practices. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

An edited book

Atzmueller M, Chin A, Helic D, Hotho A, eds. Modeling and Mining Ubiquitous Social Media: International Workshops MSM 2011, Boston, MA, USA, October 9, 2011, and MUSE 2011, Athens, Greece, September 5, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012. XII, 183 p. 57 illusp

A chapter in an edited book

Miao J. An ERP Study of Semantic Anomalies in Second Language Processing. In: Liu D, Alippi C, Zhao D, Hussain A, eds. Advances in Brain Inspired Cognitive Systems: 6th International Conference, BICS 2013, Beijing, China, June 9-11, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2013. 38–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Cancer.

Blog post

Davis J. Tasmanian Devil Milk May Be A Source Of New Antibiotics [Internet]. IFLScience2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/tasmanian-devil-milk-may-be-a-source-of-new-antibiotics/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Institutes of Health: Better Oversight Needed to Help Ensure Continued Progress Including Women in Health Research. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Meeks JD. From the belly of the HUAC: The HUAC investigations of Hollywood, 1947–1952. 2009;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Park LS. Endangered Daughters. New York Times2013;BR21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Cancer
Abbreviation	Int. J. Cancer
ISSN (print)	0020-7136
ISSN (online)	1097-0215
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology

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