How to format your references using the International Journal of Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sage L. Scope for improvement. Nature 2001;414:4–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Regoes RR, Bonhoeffer S. Emergence of drug-resistant influenza virus: population dynamical considerations. Science 2006;312:389–91.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pfeiffer T, Schuster S, Bonhoeffer S. Cooperation and competition in the evolution of ATP-producing pathways. Science 2001;292:504–7.

A journal article with 13 or more authors

Möller S, Perlov C, Jackson W, Taussig C, Forrest SR. A polymer/semiconductor write-once read-many-times memory. Nature 2003;426:166–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Taylor FJ. Digital Filters. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

Pankratius V, Philippsen M, eds. Multicore Software Engineering, Performance, and Tools: International Conference, MSEPT 2012, Prague, Czech Republic, May 31 - June 1, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012. VIII, 95 p. 36 illusp

A chapter in an edited book

Bachwerk M, Vogel C. Establishing Linguistic Conventions in Task-Oriented Primeval Dialogue. In: Esposito A, Vinciarelli A, Vicsi K, Pelachaud C, Nijholt A, eds. Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication and Enactment. The Processing Issues: COST 2102 International Conference, Budapest, Hungary, September 7-10, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011. 48–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Cancer.

Blog post

Carpineti A. New Planetary Model Suggests More Gas Giant Planets Are Yet To Be Found [Internet]. IFLScience2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-planetary-model-suggests-more-gas-giant-planets-are-yet-to-be-found/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Improved Stategic and Acquisition Planning Can Help Address Emerging Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pena H. Long-Term Effects of Post-Fire Forest Structure on Understory Vegetation in Larch Forests of the Siberian Arctic. 2017;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. Judge Rejects Justice Dept. Decision on Music Licensing. New York Times2016;B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Cancer
Abbreviation	Int. J. Cancer
ISSN (print)	0020-7136
ISSN (online)	1097-0215
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology