How to format your references using the International Journal of Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bower GC. Astronomy. Mining for the ephemeral. Science 2007;318:759–60.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gal-Yam A, Leonard DC. A massive hypergiant star as the progenitor of the supernova SN 2005gl. Nature 2009;458:865–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thorpe SKS, Holder RL, Crompton RH. Origin of human bipedalism as an adaptation for locomotion on flexible branches. Science 2007;316:1328–31.

A journal article with 13 or more authors

Liu Y-Q, Wang F-X, Xiao Y, Peng H-D, Zhong H-J, Liu Z-H, Pan G-B. Facile microwave-assisted synthesis of Klockmannite CuSe nanosheets and their exceptional electrical properties. Sci Rep 2014;4:5998.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dunnivant FM, Anders E. A Basic Introduction to Pollutant Fate and Transport. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005.

An edited book

Glimm B, Krüger A, eds. KI 2012: Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 35th Annual German Conference on AI, Saarbrücken, Germany, September 24-27, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012. XIV, 267 p. 89 illusp

A chapter in an edited book

Sharma VK, He C, Doong R-A, Dionysiou DD. Water Depollution Using Ferrites Photocatalysts. In: Lichtfouse E, Schwarzbauer J, Robert D, eds. Green Materials for Energy, Products and Depollution. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. 135–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Cancer.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Mercury Spins Nine Seconds Faster Than We Thought It Did [Internet]. IFLScience2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/mercury-spins-nine-seconds-faster-we-thought-it-did/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Determination of the Best Qualified Sites for DOE’s Super Collider. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grass DS. Assessing the impacts of air pollution and extreme weather on human health in the urban environment. 2008;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sehgal P. McPhee on McPhee: A Master’s Valedictory Lap. New York Times2017;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Cancer
Abbreviation	Int. J. Cancer
ISSN (print)	0020-7136
ISSN (online)	1097-0215
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology