How to format your references using the International Journal of Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lake JA. Disappearing act. Nature 2007;446:983.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pullum GK, Scholz BC. More than words. Nature 2001;413:367.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lower SK, Hochella MF Jr, Beveridge TJ. Bacterial recognition of mineral surfaces: nanoscale interactions between Shewanella and alpha-FeOOH. Science 2001;292:1360–3.

A journal article with 13 or more authors

Topál J, Gergely G, Miklósi A, Erdohegyi A, Csibra G. Infants’ perseverative search errors are induced by pragmatic misinterpretation. Science 2008;321:1831–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paczosa S, Peruchini C. Selling Professional and Financial Services Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

An edited book

Sumi A, Fukushi K, Hiramatsu A, eds. Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Climate Change. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2010. XVIII, 336 pp

A chapter in an edited book

Herren C. An Un-American Horror Story. In: Lowery C, Walker A, Thomas C, eds. Un-Democratic Acts: New Departures for Dialogues in Society and Schools. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2016. 51–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Cancer.

Blog post

Hale T. Pouring Sulfuric Acid Onto Toilet Roll Is Oddly Satisfying [Internet]. IFLScience2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/pouring-sulfuric-acid-onto-toilet-roll-is-oddly-satisfying/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Status and Issues Pertaining to the Proposed Development of the Space Telescope Project. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Corbets JB. Evaluating System Architecture Quality and Architecting Team Performance Using Information Quality Theory. 2017;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S. From Raising Consciousness to Raising Hell. New York Times2017;SR8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Cancer
Abbreviation	Int. J. Cancer
ISSN (print)	0020-7136
ISSN (online)	1097-0215
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology