How to format your references using the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hambäck PA. Ecology. A green or a prickly world? Science (New York, N.Y.) 2010; 327(5973):1583–1584.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chan CE, Odde DJ. Traction dynamics of filopodia on compliant substrates. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2008; 322(5908):1687–1691.

A journal article with 3 authors

Supèr H, Spekreijse H, Lamme VA. A neural correlate of working memory in the monkey primary visual cortex. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2001; 293(5527):120–124.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Liu A, Ren X, An M, et al. A combined theoretical and experimental study for silver electroplating. Scientific reports 2014; 4:3837.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhurin VV. Industrial Ion Sources. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2011.

An edited book

Luo L ed. Heat and Mass Transfer Intensification and Shape Optimization: A Multi-scale Approach. London: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Cortier V. Verification of Security Protocols. In: Jones ND, Müller-Olm M, eds. Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation: 10th International Conference, VMCAI 2009, Savannah, GA, USA, January 18-20, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009:5–13.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

Luntz S. Arctic Seabeds A Growing Carbon Sink. IFLScience September 21, 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/arctic-seabeds-growing-carbon-sink/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Biomedical Research: NIH Should Assess the Impact of Growth in Indirect Costs on Its Mission. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dotson KT. Smoke points of microgravity and normal gravity coflow diffusion flames. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Bolshoi Official Raises Attack Questions. New York Times. March 12, 2013:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Int. j. numer. method. biomed. eng.
ISSN (print)	2040-7939
ISSN (online)	2040-7947
Scope	Molecular Biology Computational Theory and Mathematics Software Biomedical Engineering Applied Mathematics Modelling and Simulation