How to format your references using the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wilkinson LS. Developmental biology. Which parental gene gets the upper hand? Science (New York, N.Y.) 2010; 329(5992):636–637.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hartonen T, Alava MJ. How important tasks are performed: peer review. Scientific reports 2013; 3:1679.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ginzberg MB, Kafri R, Kirschner M. Cell biology. On being the right (cell) size. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2015; 348(6236):1245075.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Liang Y, Liu P, Xiao J, Li H, Wang C, Yang G. A microfibre assembly of an iron-carbon composite with giant magnetisation. Scientific reports 2013; 3:3051.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Demand NH. The Mediterranean Context of Early Greek History. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Trovalusci P ed. Materials with Internal Structure: Multiscale and Multifield Modeling and Simulation. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Platzer A. Logic and Compositional Verification of Hybrid Systems. In: Gopalakrishnan G, Qadeer S, eds. Computer Aided Verification: 23rd International Conference, CAV 2011, Snowbird, UT, USA, July 14-20, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011:28–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

Luntz S. Astronomers Discover Our Sun’s “Sibling.” IFLScience May 9, 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-discover-our-suns-sibling/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Contract Pricing: Subcontractor Prices Overstated on AN/TSQ-111 Communications Contract. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dubin-Thaler BJ. Evidence for hierarchical control of conserved, discrete motility types in crawling motility. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY J, Fitzsimmons EG. Ride-Sharing Apps See Potential Upstate. New York Times. October 21, 2015:A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Int. j. numer. method. biomed. eng.
ISSN (print)	2040-7939
ISSN (online)	2040-7947
Scope	Molecular Biology Computational Theory and Mathematics Software Biomedical Engineering Applied Mathematics Modelling and Simulation