How to format your references using the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Perrin MD. Astrophysics: Surprisingly fast motions in a dust disk. Nature 2015; 526(7572):204–205.

A journal article with 2 authors

McDonnell DP, Norris JD. Connections and regulation of the human estrogen receptor. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2002; 296(5573):1642–1644.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pan B, Xiong Y, Steitz TA. How the CCA-adding enzyme selects adenine over cytosine at position 76 of tRNA. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2010; 330(6006):937–940.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Woodcroft BJ, Singleton CM, Boyd JA, et al. Genome-centric view of carbon processing in thawing permafrost. Nature 2018; 560(7716):49–54.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Islam MR, Chhetri AB, Khan MM. The Greening of Petroleum Operations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Suzuki S. Biomaterials for Surgical Operation. (Ikada Y, ed). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Deng L, Chen Q, Zhang Y. Developing EFL Learners’ Generic Competence in Reading and Writing: A Process Genre Approach. In: Chen Q, Zhang Y, eds. Developing Chinese EFL Learners’ Generic Competence: A Genre-based & Process Genre Approach. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014:31–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

Hale T. This Fish Can Survive Crazy Levels Of Pollution Thanks To Rapid Evolution. IFLScience December 13, 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/this-fish-can-survive-crazy-levels-of-pollution-thanks-to-rapid-evolution/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Strategic Sourcing: Opportunities Exist to Better Manage Information Technology Services Spending. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Aloe-Chase ST. Family member perspectives on collaboration: An exploratory study. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. The Week; Lowe’s Completes Deal To Buy Catering Hall. New York Times. July 8, 2007:14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Int. j. numer. method. biomed. eng.
ISSN (print)	2040-7939
ISSN (online)	2040-7947
Scope	Molecular Biology Computational Theory and Mathematics Software Biomedical Engineering Applied Mathematics Modelling and Simulation