How to format your references using the Internal and Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Internal and Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

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Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.
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Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
1.
Hublin J-J (2014) Anthropology. How to build a Neandertal. Science 344:1338–1339
A journal article with 2 authors
1.
Fu H, Cohen RE (2000) Polarization rotation mechanism for ultrahigh electromechanical response in single-crystal piezoelectrics. Nature 403:281–283
A journal article with 3 authors
1.
Xi Z, Khoo CCH, Dobson SL (2005) Wolbachia establishment and invasion in an Aedes aegypti laboratory population. Science 310:326–328
A journal article with 5 or more authors
1.
Frueh DP, Arthanari H, Koglin A, et al (2008) Dynamic thiolation-thioesterase structure of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase. Nature 454:903–906

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
1.
Sox HC, Higgins MC, Owens DK (2013) Medical Decision Making. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK
An edited book
1.
Neves-Silva R, Jain LC, Howlett RJ (2015) Intelligent Decision Technologies: Proceedings of the 7th KES International Conference on Intelligent Decision Technologies (KES-IDT 2015). Springer International Publishing, Cham
A chapter in an edited book
1.
Kuks JBM (2009) Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology of Myasthenia Gravis. In: Kaminski HJ (ed) Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 79–94

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Internal and Emergency Medicine.

Blog post
1.
O`Callaghan J (2015) Quantum Teleportation Breakthrough Sets Distance Record Of 100 Kilometers. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
1.
Government Accountability Office (1969) Administration of Title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
1.
Jozwiak AL (2012) Social work internship stipend program: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
1.
Protess B (2017) Lawyer Is Now Regulating Banking Industry He Has Spent a Career Protecting. New York Times A20

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleInternal and Emergency Medicine
AbbreviationIntern. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)1828-0447
ISSN (online)1970-9366
ScopeEmergency Medicine
Internal Medicine

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