How to format your references using the Internal and Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Internal and Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mellars P (2011) Palaeoanthropology: the earliest modern humans in Europe. Nature 479:483–485

A journal article with 2 authors

Schultz PG, Lerner RA (2002) Completing the circle. Nature 418:485

A journal article with 3 authors

Hsieh C-S, Kovářík J, Logan T (2014) How central are clients in sexual networks created by commercial sex? Sci Rep 4:7540

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Geissler PL, Dellago C, Chandler D, et al (2001) Autoionization in liquid water. Science 291:2121–2124

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Good PI, Hardin JW (2012) Common Errors in Statistics (And How to Avoid Them). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Deeg K-H (2015) Doppler Sonography in Infancy and Childhood. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Messali Z, Soltani F (2008) Distributed Pre-Processed CA-CFAR Detection Structure For Non Gaussian Clutter Reduction. In: Damiani E, Yétongnon K, Schelkens P, et al (eds) Signal Processing for Image Enhancement and Multimedia Processing. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 49–57

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Internal and Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Shell’s Abandoned Well And The Myth Of The Arctic Oil Land Grab. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/shell-s-abandoned-well-and-myth-arctic-oil-land-grab/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) Higher Education: Issues Related to Law School Accreditation. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee Y (2017) Lexical Stress Features Affecting the Recognition of English Loanwords in Korean by Native English Hearers. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2015) A.I.G.’s Chief Says Insurer Is Reducing Its Risks. New York Times B3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Internal and Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Intern. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)	1828-0447
ISSN (online)	1970-9366
Scope	Emergency Medicine Internal Medicine