How to format your references using the Interchange citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Interchange. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jacobson, M. Z. (2013). Comment on “Radiative absorption enhancements due to the mixing state of atmospheric black carbon.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 339(6118), 393.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nesbit, J., & Norman, C. (2011). 2010 Visualization Challenge. Science (New York, N.Y.), 331(6019), 847–856.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ofstad, T. A., Zuker, C. S., & Reiser, M. B. (2011). Visual place learning in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature, 474(7350), 204–207.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wang, H., Ouyang, Y., Somers, W. G., Chia, W., & Lu, B. (2007). Polo inhibits progenitor self-renewal and regulates Numb asymmetry by phosphorylating Pon. Nature, 449(7158), 96–100.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shafer, G., & Vovk, V. (2005). Probability and Finance: It’s Only a Game! Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Tweedale, J. W., & Jain, L. C. (Eds.). (2013). Advanced Techniques for Knowledge Engineering and Innovative Applications: 16th International Conference, KES 2012, San Sebastian, Spain, September 10-12, 2012, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 246). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bartl, R., & Frisch, B. (2009). Risk Factors for Fractures. In B. Frisch (Ed.), Osteoporosis: Diagnosis, Prevention, Therapy (pp. 45–54). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Interchange.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, January 10). Mothers Predominately Cradling Infants On Their Left May Have A Deep Evolutionary Origin. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). Social Security Administration: Subcommittee Questions Concerning Information Technology Challenges Facing the Commissioner (No. AIMD-98-235R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Elder, R. (2015). A Mixed-Method Investigation of the Missouri Pre-Service Teacher Assessment Pilot Program at a Private Midwestern University (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M. (2010, July 22). Scouting Report. New York Times, p. E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Jacobson 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Jacobson 2013; Nesbit and Norman 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nesbit and Norman 2011)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Interchange
Abbreviation	Interchange (Tor :, 1984)
ISSN (print)	0826-4805
ISSN (online)	1573-1790
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) General Social Sciences Social Sciences (miscellaneous) Education Law