How to format your references using the Intensive Care Medicine Experimental citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Intensive Care Medicine Experimental. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Williams R (2010) Slowing the decline. Nature 466:S13-4

A journal article with 2 authors

Solomon JH, Hartmann MJ (2006) Biomechanics: robotic whiskers used to sense features. Nature 443:525

A journal article with 3 authors

Wu B, Ooi TL, He ZJ (2004) Perceiving distance accurately by a directional process of integrating ground information. Nature 428:73–77

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gally C, Eimer S, Richmond JE, Bessereau J-L (2004) A transmembrane protein required for acetylcholine receptor clustering in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 431:578–582

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hendrick J (2010) Law and Ethics in Children’s Nursing. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Chakrabarti G (2013) Momentum Trading on the Indian Stock Market. Springer India, New Delhi

A chapter in an edited book

Coleman CM, Gelais CS, Wu L (2013) Cellular and Viral Mechanisms of HIV-1 Transmission Mediated by Dendritic Cells. In: Wu L, Schwartz O (eds) HIV Interactions with Dendritic Cells: Infection and Immunity. Springer, New York, NY, pp 109–130

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Intensive Care Medicine Experimental.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Carcass Of Extremely Rare Megamouth Shark Washes Ashore In The Philippines. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/carcass-extremely-rare-megamouth-shark-washes-ashore-philippines/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989) Computer Systems: Types and Sources of Department of State Lookout Records. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fuentez OL (2010) Proposition 21: Juveniles tried as adults. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barker K, Secret M, Fausset R (2015) Gunman’s Many Identities in a Life of Wrong Turns. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Intensive Care Medicine Experimental
Abbreviation	Intensive Care Med. Exp.
ISSN (online)	2197-425X
Scope

Research and Writing Guides