How to format your references using the Intensive Care Medicine Experimental citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Intensive Care Medicine Experimental. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P (2000) And sets up a body to oversee trials. Nature 405:607

A journal article with 2 authors

Cannon CP, Cannon PJ (2012) Physiology. COX-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk. Science 336:1386–1387

A journal article with 3 authors

Raj K, Ogston P, Beard P (2001) Virus-mediated killing of cells that lack p53 activity. Nature 412:914–917

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhang S, Xie C, Wang Q, Liu Z (2014) Interactions of CaMKII with dopamine D2 receptors: roles in levodopa-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned Parkinson’s rats. Sci Rep 4:6811

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bakus GJ (2007) Quantitative Analysis of Marine Biological Communities. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Chalasani N, Szabo G (2016) Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Bench to Bedside. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Bennett ST (2015) Validation of Hemostasis Assays, Analyzers, and Reagents. In: Lehman CM, Rodgers GM (eds) Laboratory Hemostasis: A Practical Guide for Pathologists. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 45–67

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Intensive Care Medicine Experimental.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) New Device Can Diagnose Diseases Just By Sniffing Your Breath. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Vehicle Safety: Technologies, Challenges, and Research and Development Expenditures for Advanced Air Bags. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wood ED (2017) A Study of the Effect of Grouping Students and Results on the Ohio Achievement Assessment for Reading. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2006) Quick Bite/Millburn; When in Essex, Shop as the Romans Do. New York Times 14NJ10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Intensive Care Medicine Experimental
Abbreviation	Intensive Care Med. Exp.
ISSN (online)	2197-425X
Scope