How to format your references using the Intensive Care Medicine Experimental citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Intensive Care Medicine Experimental. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pielke R Jr (2007) Who has the ear of the president? Nature 450:347–348

A journal article with 2 authors

Jakse N, Pasturel A (2013) Liquid Aluminum: atomic diffusion and viscosity from ab initio molecular dynamics. Sci Rep 3:3135

A journal article with 3 authors

Bryant P, Nunes T, Snaith R (2000) Children learn an untaught rule of spelling. Nature 403:157–158

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Luo L, Tang X, Wang W, et al (2013) Methyl radicals in oxidative coupling of methane directly confirmed by synchrotron VUV photoionization mass spectroscopy. Sci Rep 3:1625

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith J, Roberts R (2015) Vital Signs for Nurses. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Koss Md Fcrp Leopold (2012) Koss’s Cytology of the Urinary Tract with Histopathologic Correlations. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Wiesinger H (2007) 5 Arginine, Citrulline, and Ornithine. In: Lajtha A, Oja SS, Schousboe A, Saransaari P (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology: Amino Acids and Peptides in the Nervous System. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 99–115

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Intensive Care Medicine Experimental.

Blog post

Luntz S (2017) Stargazing Live Leads To Discovery Of Multi-Planet System. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/stargazing-live-leads-to-discovery-of-multi-planet-system/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Telecommunications: Financial Information on 16 Telephone and Cable Companies. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kolasa A (2014) Essays on Firm Behavior in Developing Countries. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J (2017) Stewart Will Perform Stand-Up On HBO. New York Times B5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Intensive Care Medicine Experimental
Abbreviation	Intensive Care Med. Exp.
ISSN (online)	2197-425X
Scope