How to format your references using the Intellectual Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Intellectual Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blank, D. A. (2008). Chemistry. A sideways glance at chemical reactivity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5904), 1056–1057.

A journal article with 2 authors

Casavecchia, P., & Alexander, M. H. (2013). Chemistry. Uncloaking the quantum nature of inelastic molecular collisions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 341(6150), 1076–1077.

A journal article with 3 authors

Huang, X., Hansen, N., & Tsuji, N. (2006). Hardening by annealing and softening by deformation in nanostructured metals. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5771), 249–251.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Mao, J.-H., Kim, I.-J., Wu, D., Climent, J., Kang, H. C., DelRosario, R., & Balmain, A. (2008). FBXW7 targets mTOR for degradation and cooperates with PTEN in tumor suppression. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5895), 1499–1502.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Holt, J. (2013). The Ultimate Daily Show and Philosophy. John Wiley & Sons.

An edited book

Liebenberg, E., & Demhardt, I. J. (Eds.). (2012). History of Cartography: International Symposium of the ICA Commission, 2010. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Madeddu, G., & Spanu, A. (2008). Axillary Lymph Node Status Evaluation in Breast Cancer Patients: Role of SPECT and Pinhole SPECT with Cationic Lipophilic Radiotracers. In E. Bombardieri, L. Gianni, & G. Bonadonna (Eds.), Breast Cancer: Nuclear Medicine in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Options (pp. 43–55). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Intellectual Economics.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, May 3). Archaeologists Think They’ve Found Captain Cook’s Ship. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/archaeologists-think-theyve-found-captain-cooks-ship/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2005). Highlights of an Expert Panel: The Benefits and Costs of Highway and Transit Investments (GAO-05-423SP). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thom, R. R. (2008). Beyond the numbers: A phenomenological study of intangible assets for small manufacturing business valuation [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, D. A. (2008, April 30). Go-To Gadgets. New York Times, SPG5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Blank, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Blank, 2008; Casavecchia & Alexander, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Casavecchia & Alexander, 2013)
Three authors: (Huang et al., 2006)
6 or more authors: (Mao et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Intellectual Economics
ISSN (print)	1822-8011
Scope