How to format your references using the Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stein LY (2015) Microbiology: Cyanate fuels the nitrogen cycle. Nature 524:43–44

A journal article with 2 authors

Ueba H, Wolf M (2005) Chemistry. Lateral hopping requires molecular rocking. Science 310:1774–1775

A journal article with 3 authors

Ruff CC, Ugazio G, Fehr E (2013) Changing social norm compliance with noninvasive brain stimulation. Science 342:482–484

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Ma J, Wang Z-Y, Stevenson BA, et al (2013) An inorganic CO2 diffusion and dissolution process explains negative CO2 fluxes in saline/alkaline soils. Sci Rep 3:2025

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walker C, Fincham B (2011) Work and the Mental Health Crisis in Britain. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Huss SA (2007) Advances in Design and Specification Languages for Embedded Systems: Selected Contributions from FDL’06. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Cohen R, Wang T (2014) GUI Design for Android Apps, Part 4: Graphic Interface and Touchscreen Input. In: Wang T (ed) GUI Design for Android Apps. Apress, Berkeley, CA, pp 105–133

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Monkeys Use Researchers as Human Shields. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/monkeys-use-researchers-human-shields/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2004) Aviation Security: Challenges in Using Biometric Technologies. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

D’Ambrosio JL (2013) Perspectives on the Geomorphic Evolution and Ecology of Modified Channels and Two-Stage Ditches in the Agriculturally-Dominated Midwestern United States. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker L (2008) How Powerful Is Your Workout? New York Times G9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation
Abbreviation	Integr. Mater. Manuf. Innov.
ISSN (print)	2193-9764
ISSN (online)	2193-9772
Scope