How to format your references using the Insurance Mathematics and Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Insurance Mathematics and Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sanderson, K., 2007. Display of flexibility. Nature 445, 473.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhou, Z., Zheng, S., 2003. The missing link in Ginkgo evolution. Nature 423, 821–822.

A journal article with 3 authors

Takahashi, T., Svoboda, K., Malinow, R., 2003. Experience strengthening transmission by driving AMPA receptors into synapses. Science 299, 1585–1588.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Choi, J.-H., Ryu, W.-H., Park, K., Jo, J.-D., Jo, S.-M., Lim, D.-S., Kim, I.-D., 2014. Multi-layer electrode with nano-Li4Ti5O12 aggregates sandwiched between carbon nanotube and graphene networks for high power Li-ion batteries. Sci. Rep. 4, 7334.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morag, N., 2011. Comparative Homeland Security. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Bellantuono, G., Lara, F.T. (Eds.), 2016. Law, Development and Innovation, 1st ed. 2016. ed, SxI - Springer for Innovation / SxI - Springer per l’Innovazione. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Stechert, C., Franke, H.-J., Vietor, T., 2011. Knowledge-Based Design Principles and Tools for Parallel Robots, in: Schütz, D., Wahl, F.M. (Eds.), Robotic Systems for Handling and Assembly, Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 59–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Insurance Mathematics and Economics.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2015. Japan Will Open A Fully Robotic Lettuce Farm By 2017 [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1988. Production and Quality of Education Information (No. T-PEMD-88-4). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bravo, J., 2009. Project Share: Implementing an aftercare program for recovering adolescents: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ruiz, R.R., Ivory, D., Stout, H., 2014. 13 Deaths, Untold Heartache, From G.M. Defect. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sanderson, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Sanderson, 2007; Zhou and Zheng, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhou and Zheng, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Choi et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Insurance Mathematics and Economics
Abbreviation	Insur. Math. Econ.
ISSN (print)	0167-6687
Scope	Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty Economics and Econometrics Statistics and Probability