How to format your references using the Innovative Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Innovative Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Batey, R. T. (2014). Structural biology: Lariat lessons. Nature, 514(7521), 173–174.

A journal article with 2 authors

Raser, J. M., & O’Shea, E. K. (2004). Control of stochasticity in eukaryotic gene expression. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5678), 1811–1814.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cosgaya, J. M., Chan, J. R., & Shooter, E. M. (2002). The neurotrophin receptor p75NTR as a positive modulator of myelination. Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5596), 1245–1248.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Geuking, M. B., Weber, J., Dewannieux, M., Gorelik, E., Heidmann, T., Hengartner, H., et al. (2009). Recombination of retrotransposon and exogenous RNA virus results in nonretroviral cDNA integration. Science (New York, N.Y.), 323(5912), 393–396.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gilhus, N. E., Barnes, M. P., & Brainin, M. (2010). European Handbook of Neurological Management. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Quirk, T. J. (2013). Excel 2010 for Physical Sciences Statistics: A Guide to Solving Practical Problems. (M. Quirk & H. Horton, Eds.). Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Brown, C. T., Liebovitch, L. S., & Glendon, R. (2010). Hunter–Gatherers Optimize Their Foraging Patterns Using Lévy Flights. In D. G. Bates & J. Tucker (Eds.), Human Ecology: Contemporary Research and Practice (pp. 51–65). Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Innovative Higher Education.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2017, February 10). NASA Captures Image Of Winter Storm Blanketing Northeastern US. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/nasa-captures-image-winter-storm-blanketing-northeastern-us/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1997). NASA Procurement Assessments (No. NSIAD-97-80R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Anemaet, W. K. (2008). The effects of non -surgical interventions on osteoarthritis-like changes in the mouse knee (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. (2007, July 8). LIPA Ponders Fate of Wind Farm as Costs Rise. New York Times, p. LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Batey 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Batey 2014; Raser and O’Shea 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Raser and O’Shea 2004)
Three or more authors: (Geuking et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Innovative Higher Education
Abbreviation	Innov. High. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0742-5627
ISSN (online)	1573-1758
Scope	Education