How to format your references using the Lasers in Medical Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Lasers in Medical Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Carrel L (2006) Molecular biology. “X”-rated chromosomal rendezvous. Science 311:1107–1109

A journal article with 2 authors

Peña JL, Konishi M (2001) Auditory spatial receptive fields created by multiplication. Science 292:249–252

A journal article with 3 authors

Whitcome KK, Shapiro LJ, Lieberman DE (2007) Fetal load and the evolution of lumbar lordosis in bipedal hominins. Nature 450:1075–1078

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Vigny C, Socquet A, Peyrat S, et al (2011) The 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule megathrust earthquake of Central Chile, monitored by GPS. Science 332:1417–1421

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Duhon T (2012) How the Trading Floor Really Works. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, West Sussex, UK

An edited book

Carbone A, Pierce NA (2006) DNA Computing: 11th International Workshop on DNA Computing, DNA11, London, ON, Canada, June 6-9, 2005. Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Bessas A, Kontogiannis S, Zaroliagis C (2009) Incentive-Compatible Robust Line Planning. In: Ahuja RK, Möhring RH, Zaroliagis CD (eds) Robust and Online Large-Scale Optimization: Models and Techniques for Transportation Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 85–118

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Lasers in Medical Science.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Streetlamps Go Green. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/streetlamps-go-green/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Trade Adjustment Assistance: Labor Awarded Community College Grants in Accordance with Requirements, but Needs to Improve Its Process. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Survis FD (2010) Residential lawn water use and lawn irrigation practices: Wellington, Florida. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Currie A, Hay G (2010) Protracted Wait for G.M. Payback. New York Times B2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Lasers in Medical Science
Abbreviation	Lasers Med. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0268-8921
ISSN (online)	1435-604X
Scope	Dermatology Surgery

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