How to format your references using the Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schiermeier, Quirin. 2007. “Radar Satellites: Mountains to Molehills.” Nature 446 (7131): 22–23.

A journal article with 2 authors

Morrison, Sean J., and Judith Kimble. 2006. “Asymmetric and Symmetric Stem-Cell Divisions in Development and Cancer.” Nature 441 (7097): 1068–1074.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tex, David M., Itaru Kamiya, and Yoshihiko Kanemitsu. 2014. “Control of Hot-Carrier Relaxation for Realizing Ideal Quantum-Dot Intermediate-Band Solar Cells.” Scientific Reports 4 (February): 4125.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Lee, Daehee, Dongha Kim, Joosun Kim, and Jooho Moon. 2014. “Characterizing Nano-Scale Electrocatalysis during Partial Oxidation of Methane.” Scientific Reports 4 (February): 3937.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rasch, Dieter, and Dieter Schott. 2015. Mathematische Statistik. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Fuchs, Anton, Eugenius Nijman, and Hans-Herwig Priebsch, eds. 2016. Automotive NVH Technology. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Chen, Jian, Haifeng Man, Neil Y. Yen, Qun Jin, and Timothy K. Shih. 2010. “Dynamic Navigation for Personalized Learning Activities Based on Gradual Adaption Recommendation Model.” In Advances in Web-Based Learning – ICWL 2010: 9th International Conference, Shanghai, China, December 8-10, 2010. Proceedings, edited by Xiangfeng Luo, Marc Spaniol, Lizhe Wang, Qing Li, Wolfgang Nejdl, and Wu Zhang, 31–40. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2016. “Three Stars Seen Forming From One Disk.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2004. Homeland Security: Efforts Under Way to Develop Enterprise Architecture, but Much Work Remains. GAO-04-777. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Allen, Susan D. 2014. “Putting out Fires: How Communication Professionals Understand and Practice Conflict Resolution.” Doctoral dissertation, College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, James. 2017. “Politics Beyond the Scripted.” New York Times, June 6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schiermeier 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Schiermeier 2007; Morrison and Kimble 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Morrison and Kimble 2006)
Three authors: (Tex, Kamiya, and Kanemitsu 2014)
4 or more authors: (Lee et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching
Abbreviation	Innov. Lang. Learn. Teach.
ISSN (print)	1750-1229
ISSN (online)	1750-1237
Scope	Language and Linguistics Education Linguistics and Language