How to format your references using the Injury Extra citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Injury Extra. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Smith A. Life beyond the walls. Nature 2002;415:7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ringler P, Schulz GE. Self-assembly of proteins into designed networks. Science 2003;302:106–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Bonabeau E, Dorigo M, Theraulaz G. Inspiration for optimization from social insect behaviour. Nature 2000;406:39–42.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

van Dokkum P, Danieli S, Cohen Y, Merritt A, Romanowsky AJ, Abraham R, et al. A galaxy lacking dark matter. Nature 2018;555:629–32.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Sharon M, Sharon M. Graphene. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

Manfredi R. Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP): Biliary and Pancreatic Ducts. Milano: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Sela Y, Pham MN, Shackelford TK. Do Men and Women Perform Oral Sex as Mate Retention Behavior? In: Shackelford TK, Hansen RD, editors. The Evolution of Sexuality, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 69–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Injury Extra.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Newly-Released Maps of Saturn’s Moons Are The Clearest Ever Created. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/space/newly-released-maps-saturn-s-moons-are-clearest-ever-created/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Proprietary School Compliance With Requirements of the Pell Grant Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Rosie SA. Examining stakeholder perceptions of educational success in the Malagasy public education system. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Oppel RA Jr, Pérez-Peña R. Chicago Releases Videos of Police Shootings. New York Times 2016:A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Injury Extra
ISSN (print)	1572-3461
Scope	Emergency Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine