How to format your references using the Information Technology and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Technology and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Forde A (2005) The class of 2005. Germany: deciphering cellular processes. Science 310:519–520

A journal article with 2 authors

Farmer ME, Baran PS (2015) Organic chemistry: A cure for catalyst poisoning. Nature 524:164–165

A journal article with 3 authors

Touboul M, Puchtel IS, Walker RJ (2015) Tungsten isotopic evidence for disproportional late accretion to the Earth and Moon. Nature 520:530–533

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Lin Y-M, Valdes-Garcia A, Han S-J, et al (2011) Wafer-scale graphene integrated circuit. Science 332:1294–1297

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Daïan J-F (2014) Equilibrium and Transfer in Porous Media 2. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Liu Z, Zhang Z (2016) Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems: First International School, SETSS 2014, Chongqing, China, September 8-13, 2014. Tutorial Lectures, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Fouvry É, Klüners J (2006) Cohen–Lenstra Heuristics of Quadratic Number Fields. In: Hess F, Pauli S, Pohst M (eds) Algorithmic Number Theory: 7th International Symposium, ANTS-VII, Berlin, Germany, July 23-28, 2006. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 40–55

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Technology and Management.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Endangered Rhinos in South Africa Will Be Fitted With Spy Cameras In Their Horns. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Inspectors General: Information on Resources and Selected Accomplishments of 18 Inspectors General. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bao J (2010) Design enhancements in repetitive and interative learning control. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwartz J (2017) Exxon Faults N.Y. Official Over Inquiry. New York Times B3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Technology and Management
Abbreviation	Inf. Technol. Manag.
ISSN (print)	1385-951X
ISSN (online)	1573-7667
Scope	Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) Information Systems Communication

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