How to format your references using the Information Technology and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Technology and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brodholt JP (2000) Pressure-induced changes in the compression mechanism of aluminous perovskite in the Earth’s mantle. Nature 407:620–622

A journal article with 2 authors

Bachtrog D, Charlesworth B (2002) Reduced adaptation of a non-recombining neo-Y chromosome. Nature 416:323–326

A journal article with 3 authors

Kelber A, Balkenius A, Warrant EJ (2002) Scotopic colour vision in nocturnal hawkmoths. Nature 419:922–925

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhang L, Zhou H, Su Y, et al (2004) Zebrafish Dpr2 inhibits mesoderm induction by promoting degradation of nodal receptors. Science 306:114–117

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fu F (2015) Advanced Modelling Techniques in Structural Design. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Wendt JF (2009) Computational Fluid Dynamics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Rogers E, Galkowski K, Owens DH (2007) Robustness. In: Galkowski K, Owens DH (eds) Control Systems Theory and Applications for Linear Repetitive Processes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 141–175

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Technology and Management.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Mysterious Extra-Long Gamma Ray Bursts Baffle Astronomers. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/mysterious-extra-long-gamma-ray-bursts-baffle-astronomers/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Issues Related to FAA’s Fiscal Year 1991 Budget Request. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Westgate M (2009) La Boutique Fantasque: A full score edition for wind band. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2007) Supreme Court Constrains Judges’ Power in Sentencing. New York Times A15

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Technology and Management
Abbreviation	Inf. Technol. Manag.
ISSN (print)	1385-951X
ISSN (online)	1573-7667
Scope	Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) Information Systems Communication

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