How to format your references using the Information Technology and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Technology and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Starr DA (2010) Cell biology. Nuclei get TAN lines. Science 329:909–910

A journal article with 2 authors

Rowe T, Frank LR (2011) The disappearing third dimension. Science 331:712–714

A journal article with 3 authors

Li Z-Z, Zhang F-C, Wang Q-H (2014) Majorana modes in a topological insulator/s-wave superconductor heterostructure. Sci Rep 4:6363

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wapinski I, Pfeffer A, Friedman N, Regev A (2007) Natural history and evolutionary principles of gene duplication in fungi. Nature 449:54–61

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tunley M, Whittaker A, Gee J, Button M (2015) The Accredited Counter Fraud Specialist Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Movaghar A, Jamzad M, Asadi H (2014) Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing: International Symposium, AISP 2013, Tehran, Iran, December 25-26, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Xieqing W, Chaogang X, Zaiting L, Genquan Z (2006) Catalytic Processes for Light Olefin Production. In: Hsu CS, Robinson PR (eds) Practical Advances in Petroleum Processing. Springer, New York, NY, pp 149–168

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Technology and Management.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Elon Musk Pledges $1 Million For Tesla Museum At Wardenclyffe. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/elon-musk-pledges-1-million-tesla-museum-wardenclyffe/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) NASA Property: Poor Lending Practices and Controls at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mustico JP (2010) Perception and preference comparison of managers’ behaviors on sales and non -sales employees: A case study. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2002) A Prickly Mason-Dixon Line in the Village. New York Times 146

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Technology and Management
Abbreviation	Inf. Technol. Manag.
ISSN (print)	1385-951X
ISSN (online)	1573-7667
Scope	Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) Information Systems Communication