How to format your references using the Information Technology and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Technology and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shlesinger MF (2000) Statistical mechanics. Exploring phase space. Nature 405:135, 137

A journal article with 2 authors

Kaya E, Doudna JA (2012) Biochemistry. Guided tour to the heart of RISC. Science 336:985–986

A journal article with 3 authors

Reddien PW, Cameron S, Horvitz HR (2001) Phagocytosis promotes programmed cell death in C. elegans. Nature 412:198–202

A journal article with 5 or more authors

van Straten W, Bailes M, Britton M, et al (2001) A test of general relativity from the three-dimensional orbital geometry of a binary pulsar. Nature 412:158–160

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Belfiore LA (2003) Transport Phenomena for Chemical Reactor Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Schmidt RA (2009) Automated Deduction – CADE-22: 22nd International Conference on Automated Deduction, Montreal, Canada, August 2-7, 2009. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Tiwari R, Herstatt C (2014) Need for a Rethink. In: Herstatt C (ed) Aiming Big with Small Cars: Emergence of a Lead Market in India. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 89–97

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Technology and Management.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Scientists Discover A 7-Meter-Long Dinosaur. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-seven-meter-long-dinosaur-lightning-claw/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015) Technology Assessment: Water in the Energy Sector: Reducing Freshwater Use in Hydraulic Fracturing and Thermoelectric Power Plant Cooling. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Miller MW (2010) The Mediterranean Ethiopian: Intellectual discourse and the fixity of myth in classical antiquity. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E (1993) Neediest Cases Assists With a Christmas Tree. New York Times 134

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Technology and Management
Abbreviation	Inf. Technol. Manag.
ISSN (print)	1385-951X
ISSN (online)	1573-7667
Scope	Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) Information Systems Communication