How to format your references using the Information Technology and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Technology and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nestler EJ (2003) Obituary: Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic (1937-2003). Nature 425:471

A journal article with 2 authors

Nishimura MT, Dangl JL (2014) Plant science. Paired plant immune receptors. Science 344:267–268

A journal article with 3 authors

Senn MS, Wright JP, Attfield JP (2011) Charge order and three-site distortions in the Verwey structure of magnetite. Nature 481:173–176

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Steel GJ, Fullerton DM, Tyson JR, Stirling CJ (2004) Coordinated activation of Hsp70 chaperones. Science 303:98–101

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Castillo E, Cobo A, Jubete F, Pruneda RE (1999) Orthogonal Sets and Polar Methods in Linear Algebra. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Proctor C, Linley PA (2013) Research, Applications, and Interventions for Children and Adolescents: A Positive Psychology Perspective. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Hjertager BH (2007) Multi-fluid CFD Analysis of Chemical Reactors. In: Marchisio DL, Fox RO (eds) Multiphase Reacting Flows: Modelling and Simulation. Springer, Vienna, pp 125–179

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Technology and Management.

Blog post

Luntz S (2016) Measuring The Cost Of Water Collection. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/measuring-the-cost-of-water-collection/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999) Federal Aviation Administration: Issues Concerning the Reauthorization of Aviation Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Karch K (2014) An investigation of perceptions about smart mobile phone usage as an instructional tool in a high school classroom. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chapman MM (2015) This Time, Fiat Chrysler Workers Approve Contract. New York Times B3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Technology and Management
Abbreviation	Inf. Technol. Manag.
ISSN (print)	1385-951X
ISSN (online)	1573-7667
Scope	Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) Information Systems Communication