How to format your references using the Information Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J. Dekker, Gene regulation in the third dimension, Science 319 (2008) 1793–1794.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D.V. Talapin, C.B. Murray, PbSe nanocrystal solids for n- and p-channel thin film field-effect transistors, Science 310 (2005) 86–89.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

X. Wang, X. Chen, L. Wang, Random allocation of pies promotes the evolution of fairness in the Ultimatum Game, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4534.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M. Shigeta, S. Ohtsuka, S. Nishikawa-Torikai, M. Yamane, S. Fujii, K. Murakami, H. Niwa, Maintenance of pluripotency in mouse ES cells without Trp53, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2944.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

F. Vettese, The Essential Retirement Guide, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

P. Atzeni, D. Cheung, S. Ram, eds., Conceptual Modeling: 31st International Conference ER 2012, Florence, Italy, October 15-18, 2012. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

S. Vardeman, R. Kasprzyk, Applied Statistical Methods and the Chemical Industry, in: J.A. Kent (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2012: pp. 131–154.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Sciences.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, No, Sunscreen Will Not Give You Cancer, IFLScience (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Education and Employment Issue Area: Active Assignments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

L.-M. Lin, Transformation in Chinese Theatre Works’ the Legend of White Snake, Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Brantley, A Madcap Princess Who Is Making Her Own Bed, New York Times (2015) C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Sciences
Abbreviation	Inf. Sci. (Ny)
ISSN (print)	0020-0255
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Science Applications Software Information Systems and Management Control and Systems Engineering Theoretical Computer Science