How to format your references using the Information citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Taylor, P. Personal Genomes: When Consent Gets in the Way. Nature 2008, 456, 32–33.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kirwan, M.L.; Mudd, S.M. Response of Salt-Marsh Carbon Accumulation to Climate Change. Nature 2012, 489, 550–553.

A journal article with 3 authors

Harris, G.C.; Wimmer, M.; Aston-Jones, G. A Role for Lateral Hypothalamic Orexin Neurons in Reward Seeking. Nature 2005, 437, 556–559.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zeng, Y.; Lu, G.; Wang, H.; Du, J.; Ying, Z.; Liu, C. Positive Temperature Coefficient Thermistors Based on Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6684.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhurin, V.V. Industrial Ion Sources; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2011; ISBN 9783527635726.

An edited book

Decolonizing “Multicultural” Counseling through Social Justice; Goodman, R.D., Gorski, P.C., Eds.; International and Cultural Psychology; Springer: New York, NY, 2015; ISBN 9781493912827.

A chapter in an edited book

Assis, F. An Algorithm for K-Connectivity Under Pure SINR Model. In Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks: 15th International Conference, ADHOC-NOW 2016, Lille, France, July 4-6, 2016, Proceedings; Mitton, N., Loscri, V., Mouradian, A., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; pp. 65–78 ISBN 9783319405087.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information.

Blog post

Taub, B. Here’s What The World Of Science Looked Like Last Time The Chicago Cubs Won The World Series Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/heres-what-the-world-of-science-looked-like-last-time-the-chicago-cubs-won-the-world-series/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Information Technology: Census Bureau Needs to Strengthen Testing of 2010 Decennial Systems; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2009;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Simon-Owens, N.L. Southern Virginia Higher Education Center: An Exploration of Factors Affecting Organizational Leadership. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix: Phoenix, AZ, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Healy, J.; Schwartz, J. U.S. Suspends Pipeline Work in Tribes’ Path. New York Times 2016, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information
Abbreviation	Information (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2078-2489
Scope	Information Systems