How to format your references using the Informatics in Medicine Unlocked citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Informatics in Medicine Unlocked. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

White SH. Biophysical dissection of membrane proteins. Nature 2009;459:344–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Zhu H, Tromp J. Mapping tectonic deformation in the crust and upper mantle beneath Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean. Science 2013;341:871–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Robison BH, Reisenbichler KR, Sherlock RE. Giant larvacean houses: rapid carbon transport to the deep sea floor. Science 2005;308:1609–11.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Gao C, Lin Q, Zhang S, He J, Lu X, Wang G. Historical trends of atmospheric black carbon on Sanjiang Plain as reconstructed from a 150-year peat record. Sci Rep 2014;4:5723.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Celant G, Broniatowski M. Interpolation and Extrapolation Optimal Designs 2. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Cooper K, White RE, editors. Qualitative Research in the Post-Modern Era: Contexts of Qualitative Research. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Haines AJ, Dimitrova LL, Wallace LM, Williams CA. 1-Dimensional Synthetic Examples. In: Dimitrova LL, Wallace LM, Williams CA, editors. Enhanced Surface Imaging of Crustal Deformation: Obtaining Tectonic Force Fields Using GPS Data, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 45–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Informatics in Medicine Unlocked.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Herpes Infected Our Ancestors Before They Were Human. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Technology Transfer: Several Factors Have Led to a Decline in Partnerships at DOE’s Laboratories. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Kaiser CV. “Maps of the world[s] in its becoming[s]”: Seeking queer potentialities in the post-apocalyptic narrative. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Taggart J, Granville K. How We Shop: Past, Present Future. New York Times 2017:BU4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Informatics in Medicine Unlocked
Abbreviation	Inform. Med. Unlocked
ISSN (print)	2352-9148
Scope