How to format your references using the Informatics in Medicine Unlocked citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Informatics in Medicine Unlocked. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Lister AM. The role of behaviour in adaptive morphological evolution of African proboscideans. Nature 2013;500:331–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bieging KT, Attardi LD. Cancer: A piece of the p53 puzzle. Nature 2015;520:37–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

van Doorn GS, Edelaar P, Weissing FJ. On the origin of species by natural and sexual selection. Science 2009;326:1704–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Kawakatsu H, Kumar P, Takei Y, Shinohara M, Kanazawa T, Araki E, et al. Seismic evidence for sharp lithosphere-asthenosphere boundaries of oceanic plates. Science 2009;324:499–502.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Stokes DJ. Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure/Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP-ESEM). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

[1]

Oyama T, editor. Endoscopic Diagnosis of Superficial Gastric Cancer for ESD. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Taiana R-D. Systematics and Ecology of Tropical Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Using Molecular Approaches. In: Rai M, Varma A, editors. Diversity and Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011, p. 67–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Informatics in Medicine Unlocked.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. The Strange History and Future of Chlamydia Vaccines. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/strange-history-and-future-chlamydia-vaccines/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. [Query Concerning VISTA Appropriation]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Rus EL. A grant proposal for program “Tech Connect”: Bridging the generations through technology coaching. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Soloski A. As Battered as Job, He Bills by the Hour. New York Times 2017:C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Informatics in Medicine Unlocked
Abbreviation	Inform. Med. Unlocked
ISSN (print)	2352-9148
Scope