How to format your references using the Informatics in Medicine Unlocked citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Informatics in Medicine Unlocked. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Savage PE. Chemistry. Algae under pressure and in hot water. Science 2012;338:1039–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Fairchild AL, Bayer R. Public health. Ethics and the conduct of public health surveillance. Science 2004;303:631–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kernbauer E, Ding Y, Cadwell K. An enteric virus can replace the beneficial function of commensal bacteria. Nature 2014;516:94–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Gutberlet A, Schwaab G, Birer O, Masia M, Kaczmarek A, Forbert H, et al. Aggregation-induced dissociation of HCl(H2O)4 below 1 K: the smallest droplet of acid. Science 2009;324:1545–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Takezawa K. Guidebook to R Graphics Using Microsoft® Windows. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Wu Y, editor. Advanced Technology in Teaching - Proceedings of the 2009 3rd International Conference on Teaching and Computational Science (WTCS 2009): Volume 1: Intelligent Ubiquitous Computing and Education. vol. 116. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Pandya PK, Shah SS. On Expressive Powers of Timed Logics: Comparing Boundedness, Non-punctuality, and Deterministic Freezing. In: Katoen J-P, König B, editors. CONCUR 2011 – Concurrency Theory: 22nd International Conference, CONCUR 2011, Aachen, Germany, September 6-9, 2011. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011, p. 60–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Informatics in Medicine Unlocked.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Ice ‘Lightning’ May Have Helped Life Survive Snowball Earth. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ice-lightning-may-have-helped-life-survive-snowball-earth/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: DHS and TSA Have Researched, Developed, and Begun Deploying Passenger Checkpoint Screening Technologies, but Continue to Face Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Subramanian K. Mechanisms and Effect of Microstructure on High Temperature Deformation of Gamma-TiAl Based Alloys. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University, 2003.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Rubin JP. 59 Missiles Don’t Equal a Foreign Policy. New York Times 2017:SR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Informatics in Medicine Unlocked
Abbreviation	Inform. Med. Unlocked
ISSN (print)	2352-9148
Scope