How to format your references using the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stevenson DJ. A planetary perspective on the deep Earth. Nature. 2008;451:261–265.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yaghoubi A, Mélinon P. Tunable synthesis and in situ growth of silicon-carbon mesostructures using impermeable plasma. Sci. Rep. 2013;3:1083.

A journal article with 3 authors

Morford SL, Houlton BZ, Dahlgren RA. Increased forest ecosystem carbon and nitrogen storage from nitrogen rich bedrock. Nature. 2011;477:78–81.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Callaway E, Castelvecchi D, Cyranoski D, et al. 2017 in news: The science events that shaped the year. Nature. 2017;552:304–307.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abran A. Software Project Estimation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

Bengtsson L, Herschy RW, Fairbridge RW eds. Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Rossi ME, Deutsch CV. Data Collection and Handling. In: Deutsch CV, ed. Mineral Resource Estimation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014:67–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Blog post

Fang J. Astronaut Hearts Become Spherical in Space. IFLScience. 2014. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/astronaut-hearts-become-spherical-space/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Use of Remanufactured Parts in the Federal Vehicle Fleet Is Based On a Variety of Factors. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Donohue J. Resolving Past Liabilities for Future Reduction in Greenhouse Gases; Nuclear Energy and the Outstanding Federal Liability of Spent Nuclear Fuel. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon MR. Mattis Orders First Group of Reinforcements to Afghanistan. New York Times. 2017:A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Abbreviation	Inflamm. Bowel Dis.
ISSN (print)	1078-0998
ISSN (online)	1536-4844
Scope	Gastroenterology Immunology and Allergy