How to format your references using the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jarillo-Herrero P. Applied physics. Pulling apart molecular magnetism. Science. 2010;328:1362–1363.

A journal article with 2 authors

Qian H, Ricklefs RE. Large-scale processes and the Asian bias in species diversity of temperate plants. Nature. 2000;407:180–182.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang J, Hannon GJ, Beach DH. Risky immortalization by telomerase. Nature. 2000;405:755–756.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Xu Z, Ao Z, Chu D, et al. Reversible hydrophobic to hydrophilic transition in graphene via water splitting induced by UV irradiation. Sci. Rep. 2014;4:6450.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Popkin JD. A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Hutto DD, Ratcliffe M eds. Folk Psychology Re-Assessed. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Fishman LM, Wilkins AN. Treating Neurological Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Identified by a Provoked Electromyographic Sign: Analysis of the Data. In: Wilkins AN, ed. Functional Electromyography: Provocative Maneuvers in Electrodiagnosis. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2011:65–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Blog post

Davis J. Fossils From Some Of The Earliest Four-Legged Animals Found In Scotland. IFLScience. 2016. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/fossils-from-some-of-the-earliest-fourlegged-animals-found-in-scotland/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Training Procurement: Weaknesses Identified in NTSB Procurement Practices. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Strong M. Investigation and Characterization of Features on a Cretaceous-Paleogene Seismic Horizon in Northern Louisiana. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. IN REVERSAL OF COURSE, JUSTICES, 5-4, BACK BAN ON ABORTION METHOD. New York Times. 2007:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Abbreviation	Inflamm. Bowel Dis.
ISSN (print)	1078-0998
ISSN (online)	1536-4844
Scope	Gastroenterology Immunology and Allergy