How to format your references using the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenstein M. Taste: More than meets the mouth. Nature. 2010;468:S18-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cowan CA, Henkemeyer M. The SH2/SH3 adaptor Grb4 transduces B-ephrin reverse signals. Nature. 2001;413:174–179.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gilbert IR, Jarvis PG, Smith H. Proximity signal and shade avoidance differences between early and late successional trees. Nature. 2001;411:792–795.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Spencer JR, Pearl JC, Segura M, et al. Cassini encounters Enceladus: background and the discovery of a south polar hot spot. Science. 2006;311:1401–1405.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Waxman AB. Rogues of Wall Street. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Glau K, Grbac Z, Scherer M, et al. eds. Innovations in Derivatives Markets: Fixed Income Modeling, Valuation Adjustments, Risk Management, and Regulation. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Hassan MM, Poo KH. Handover Latency Reduction Using Integrated Solution Scheme for Proxy Mobile IPv6. In: Özcan A, Zizka J, Nagamalai D, eds. Recent Trends in Wireless and Mobile Networks: Third International Conferences, WiMo 2011 and CoNeCo 2011, Ankara, Turkey, June 26-28, 2011. Proceedings. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011:45–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Blog post

Evans K. Stephen Hawking: Humans Only Have About 1,000 Years Left. IFLScience. 2016. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/stephen-hawking-says-humans-only-have-about-1000-years-left/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Research: Actions Needed to Improve Coordination and Evaluation of Research. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Immaneni RN. An efficient approach to machine learning based text classification through distributed computing. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. Keeping It Real, the TV Version. New York Times. 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Abbreviation	Inflamm. Bowel Dis.
ISSN (print)	1078-0998
ISSN (online)	1536-4844
Scope	Gastroenterology Immunology and Allergy