How to format your references using the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Malakoff D. ELECTION 2000: Uncertainty Wins by a Landslide. Science. 2000;290:1277–1279.

A journal article with 2 authors

Knapp S, Mallet J. Ecology. Refuting refugia? Science. 2003;300:71–72.

A journal article with 3 authors

Javaux EJ, Knoll AH, Walter MR. Morphological and ecological complexity in early eukaryotic ecosystems. Nature. 2001;412:66–69.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fuhrmann D, Ravignani A, Marshall-Pescini S, et al. Synchrony and motor mimicking in chimpanzee observational learning. Sci. Rep. 2014;4:5283.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allin P, Hand DJ. The Wellbeing of Nations. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

James HS Jr ed. The Ethics and Economics of Agrifood Competition. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Roy JA, Papa DA, Markov IL. Capo: Congestion-Driven Placement for Standard-cell and RTL Netlists with Incremental Capability. In: Nam G-J, Cong J, eds. Modern Circuit Placement: Best Practices and Results. Series on Integrated Circuits and Systems. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2007:97–133.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew E. Human Population Predicted To Reach 12 Billion By 2100. IFLScience. 2014. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/human-population-may-reach-12-million-2100/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Finance: Observations on Potential FAA Funding Options. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Edwards DH. Why Do They Get High?: An Examination of Social Bond Theory and Substance Use in College. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Alabama Governor Fails to Prevent Jefferson County’s Record $4 Billion Bankruptcy Filing. New York Times. 2011:A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Abbreviation	Inflamm. Bowel Dis.
ISSN (print)	1078-0998
ISSN (online)	1536-4844
Scope	Gastroenterology Immunology and Allergy