How to format your references using the Infection, Genetics and Evolution citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infection, Genetics and Evolution. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ricklefs, R.E., 2004. Cladogenesis and morphological diversification in passerine birds. Nature 430, 338–341.

A journal article with 2 authors

Freeman, M.R., Choi, B.C., 2001. Advances in magnetic microscopy. Science 294, 1484–1488.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sousa, T., Marques, G.M., Domingos, T., 2009. Comment on “Energy uptake and allocation during ontogeny.” Science 325, 1206; author reply 1206.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lee, C., Wei, X., Kysar, J.W., Hone, J., 2008. Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science 321, 385–388.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kumar, V., Petersen, J.A., 2012. Statistical Methods in Customer Relationship Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Art, L., 2007. Dynamic Programming: A Computational Tool, Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Burke, A., Hall, G.R., Yaari, R., Fleisher, A., Dougherty, J., Young, J., Brand, H., Tariot, P., 2015. Pharmacological Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease, in: Hall, G.R., Yaari, R., Fleisher, A., Dougherty, J., Young, Jeffrey, Brand, H., Tariot, P. (Eds.), Pocket Reference to Alzheimer’s Disease Management. Springer Healthcare Ltd., Tarporley, pp. 41–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infection, Genetics and Evolution.

Blog post

Hamilton, K., 2015. This Is What Your Brain Looks Like With Alzheimer’s Disease [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/brain/animation-what-alzheimers-disease/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1996. Resources, Community, and Economic Development Information Systems Issue Area: Active Assignments (No. AA-96-30(2)). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Davidson, A.O., 2009. Observing action research processes in practice (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B., 2017. Stoppard for an Age of Uncertainty. New York Times AR16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ricklefs, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Freeman and Choi, 2001; Ricklefs, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Freeman and Choi, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Lee et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Infection, Genetics and Evolution
Abbreviation	Infect. Genet. Evol.
ISSN (print)	1567-1348
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Genetics Molecular Biology Microbiology Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)