How to format your references using the Infection, Genetics and Evolution citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infection, Genetics and Evolution. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Primorac, D., 2009. Information technology. Innovating education in Croatia. Science 324, 1650.

A journal article with 2 authors

Parsons, J., Wand, Y., 2008. A question of class. Nature 455, 1040–1041.

A journal article with 3 authors

Walker, J., Cliff, R.A., Latham, A.G., 2006. U-Pb isotopic age of the StW 573 hominid from Sterkfontein, South Africa. Science 314, 1592–1594.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, J., Wang, L., Li, X., Mao, C., 2013. Virus activated artificial ECM induces the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells without osteogenic supplements. Sci. Rep. 3, 1242.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McCormick, K., Salcedo, J., 2017. SPSS reg Statistics for Data Analysis and Visualization. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana.

An edited book

de Voogt, P. (Ed.), 2016. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 236, 1st ed. 2016. ed, Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Continuation of Residue Reviews. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Wan, Z., He, Y., Hao, M., Yang, J., Zhong, N., 2016. An Automatic Neuron Tracing Method Based on Mean Shift and Minimum Spanning Tree, in: Ascoli, G.A., Hawrylycz, M., Ali, H., Khazanchi, D., Shi, Y. (Eds.), Brain Informatics and Health: International Conference, BIH 2016, Omaha, NE, USA, October 13-16, 2016 Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 34–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infection, Genetics and Evolution.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Would You Lie Tilted Backwards For 60 Days For Science? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/volunteers-lie-tilted-backwards-60-days-science/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1977. Monitoring the Development of the Federal Power Commission’s Regulatory Information System (No. GGD-77-95). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Molina-Gutierrez, E., 2009. Keys to my home: A grant proposal project (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kerry, J., 2017. What We Got Right. New York Times A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Primorac, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Parsons and Wand, 2008; Primorac, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Parsons and Wand, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Infection, Genetics and Evolution
Abbreviation	Infect. Genet. Evol.
ISSN (print)	1567-1348
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Genetics Molecular Biology Microbiology Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)