How to format your references using the Infection and Immunity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infection and Immunity (IAI). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Labeyrie L. 2000. PALEOCLIMATE: Glacial Climate Instability. Science 290:1905–1907.

A journal article with 2 authors

Whitson JA, Galinsky AD. 2008. Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception. Science 322:115–117.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ye J, Kimble HJ, Katori H. 2008. Quantum state engineering and precision metrology using state-insensitive light traps. Science 320:1734–1738.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Barik AR, Bapna M, Drabold DA, Adarsh KV. 2014. Ultrafast light induced unusually broad transient absorption in the sub-bandgap region of GeSe2 thin film. Sci Rep 4:3686.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Volpe MA. 2013. Rethinking Christian Identity. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford.

An edited book

2006. Tropical Homegardens: A Time-Tested Example of Sustainable Agroforestry. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Dianteill E. 2005. Pierre Bourdieu and the sociology of religion: A central and peripheral concern, p. 65–85. In Swartz, DL, Zolberg, VL (eds.), After Bourdieu: Influence, Critique, Elaboration. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infection and Immunity.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015. Stunning New Photograph Of Medusa Nebula. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/gaze-upon-medusa-without-turning-stone/. Retrieved 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2006. Commercial Space Launches: FAA Needs Continued Planning and Monitoring to Oversee the Safety of the Emerging Space Tourism Industry. GAO-07-16. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sponsel H. 2010. Was sagte dieser Schiller (damals)? Schillers Antworten auf seine Kritiker nach 1945. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B. 2016. Helping Hands for Damaged Limbs. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Infection and Immunity
Abbreviation	Infect. Immun.
ISSN (print)	0019-9567
ISSN (online)	1098-5522
Scope	Immunology Microbiology Parasitology Infectious Diseases

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