How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Orthopaedics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Orthopaedics (IJO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grayson M. (2013). Chemistry masterclass. Nature, 502(7471), S49.

A journal article with 2 authors

Carter L. J., & Pigford T. H. (2005). Nuclear waste. Proof of safety at Yucca Mountain. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5747), 447-448.

A journal article with 3 authors

Feng Y., Zhang S., & Huang X. (2014). A robust TALENs system for highly efficient mammalian genome editing. Scientific reports, 4, 3632.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Frolov S. M., Lüscher S., Yu W., Ren Y., Folk J. A., & Wegscheider W. (2009). Ballistic spin resonance. Nature, 458(7240), 868-871.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nicholls D. L., Piergrossi J. C., Gibertoni C. de S., & Daniel M. A. (2013). Psychoanalytic Thinking in Occupational Therapy. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

An edited book

Kislyakov S. (2013). Extremal Problems in Interpolation Theory, Whitney-Besicovitch Coverings, and Singular Integrals. Vol 74. Kruglyak N., editor. . Basel: Springer

A chapter in an edited book

Moll C. K. E., Payer S., Gulberti A., Sharrott A., Zittel S., Boelmans K., et al. (2013). STN Stimulation in General Anaesthesia: Evidence Beyond ‘Evidence-Based Medicine.’ In: Nikkhah G., Pinsker M., editors. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Vienna: Springer; . pp. 19-25.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Orthopaedics.

Blog post

Taub B. (2016). Check Out This Assassin Bug Murdering A Spider In Its Own Web. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/check-out-assassin-bug-murdering-spider-its-own-web/. Published October 27, 2016. Accessed 30.10.2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/check-out-assassin-bug-murdering-spider-its-own-web/. Accessed October 30, 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1995). Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor Funding Needs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Filomena T. P. (2010). Technology portfolio and capacity expansion under uncertainty

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M., & Lehren A. W. (2014). Modified Training for Children Stirs New Debates. New York Times. September 11, 2014:B14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Orthopaedics
ISSN (print)	0019-5413
ISSN (online)	1998-3727
Scope