How to format your references using the Medical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Medical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Collins MO. Cell biology. Evolving cell signals. Science. 2009;325:1635–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Vert G, Chory J. Downstream nuclear events in brassinosteroid signalling. Nature. 2006;441:96–100.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Hovenden MJ, Newton PCD, Wills KE. Seasonal not annual rainfall determines grassland biomass response to carbon dioxide. Nature. 2014;511:583–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lemmers RJLF, van der Vliet PJ, Klooster R, Sacconi S, Camaño P, Dauwerse JG, et al. A unifying genetic model for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Science. 2010;329:1650–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Joseph C. Advanced Credit Risk Analysis and Management. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

1. Dupré S, editor. Laboratories of Art: Alchemy and Art Technology from Antiquity to the 18th Century. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Berg S, Nyberg T, Kubart T. Modelling of Reactive Sputtering Processes. In: Depla D, Mahieu S, editors. Reactive Sputter Deposition. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 131–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Medical Oncology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Researchers Reveal Grim Details Of An Early Neolithic Massacre [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/researchers-reveal-grim-details-early-neolithic-massacre/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Software Distribution: Review of the Department of Energy’s National Energy Software Center. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987 Oct. Report No.: IMTEC-88-2.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Richardson MM. Challenging the South’s black-white binary: Haliwa-Saponi Indians and political autonomy [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. On the Streets of New York, Cheers for the World. New York Times. 2010 Jun 12;D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Medical Oncology
Abbreviation	Med. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1357-0560
ISSN (online)	1559-131X
Scope	Cancer Research General Medicine Hematology Oncology

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