How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stehfest E. Diet: Food choices for health and planet. Nature 2014;515(7528):501–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Holland G, Ballentine CJ. Seawater subduction controls the heavy noble gas composition of the mantle. Nature 2006;441(7090):186–91.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dawkins MS, Donnelly CA, Jones TA. Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density. Nature 2004;427(6972):342–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ou Y, Zhu X, Jokubavicius V, Yakimova R, Mortensen NA, Syväjärvi M, et al. Broadband antireflection and light extraction enhancement in fluorescent SiC with nanodome structures. Sci Rep 2014;4:4662.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Coe JT. Unlikely Victory: How General Electric Succeeded in the Chemical Industry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2000.

An edited book

Ishii H, Kudo K, Nakayama T, Ueno N, editors. Electronic Processes in Organic Electronics: Bridging Nanostructure, Electronic States and Device Properties. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Thorne C, Griffiths C. Smart, Smarter, Smartest: Redefining Our Cities. In: Dameri RP, Rosenthal-Sabroux C, editors. Smart City: How to Create Public and Economic Value with High Technology in Urban Space. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. page 89–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Cutting Emissions Through Biofuels Will Lead To Water Shortages – Study [Internet]. IFLScience2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/cutting-emissions-through-biofuels-will-lead-water-shortages-study/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Federal Depository Institution Regulators Are Making Progress, But Challenges Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ariani D. Amerindo International Nurse Recruitment Agency. 2017;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Alderman L. Europe Surveys the Gig Economy And Wants Worker Safeguards. New York Times2017;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Indian J. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	0301-4738
ISSN (online)	1998-3689
Scope	Ophthalmology