How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Medical Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Medical Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gill P. Optical clocks coming of age. Nature 2000;407(6804):579–80.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yoshida N, Kanda J. Geochemistry. Tracking the Fukushima radionuclides. Science 2012;336(6085):1115–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

André P, Ward-Thompson D, Greaves J. Interferometric identification of a pre-brown dwarf. Science 2012;337(6090):69–72.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang Q, Tan G, Gu L, Yao Y, Jin C, Wang Y, et al. Direct observation of multiferroic vortex domains in YMnO3. Sci Rep 2013;3:2741.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Atherton J, Gil F, Center for Chemical Process Safety. Incidents That Define Process Safety. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Gourbesville P, Cunge J, Caignaert G, editors. Advances in Hydroinformatics: SIMHYDRO 2012 – New Frontiers of Simulation. Singapore: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Enslin P, Tjiattas M. Democratic Inclusion and Lifelong Learning in a Globalising World. In: Aspin DN, Chapman J, Evans K, Bagnall R, editors. Second International Handbook of Lifelong Learning. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012. page 77–90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Medical Sciences.

Blog post

Hale T. Everything You Need To Know About Tor And The Deep Web [Internet]. IFLScience2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/everything-you-need-to-know-about-tor-and-the-deep-web/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. A Profile of Selected Firms Awarded Small Business Innovation Research Funds. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Salam S. Interplay between Fines Content and Strength Characteristics of CA 6 and CA 2 Crushed Limestone Aggregate. 2017;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Many Yearn to Put Some Distance Between Themselves and Their Memories. New York Times2002;144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Medical Sciences
Abbreviation	Indian J. Med. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0019-5359
ISSN (online)	1998-3654
Scope	General Medicine