How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Medical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Medical Research (IJMR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shen H. Interactive notebooks: Sharing the code. Nature 2014; 515 : 151–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Guerrero I, Ruiz i Altaba A. Development. Longing for ligand: hedgehog, patched, and cell death. Science 2003; 301 : 774–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang J, Wang B, Qiu H. Coalescence and breakup of oppositely charged droplets. Sci Rep 2014; 4 : 7123.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Suzuki H, Thiele TR, Faumont S, Ezcurra M, Lockery SR, Schafer WR. Functional asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans taste neurons and its computational role in chemotaxis. Nature 2008; 454 : 114–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tripathi N, Singh RS, Hills CD. Reclamation of Mine-Impacted Land for Ecosystem Recovery. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Kihl LA. Gender Politics in US College Athletic Departments: The Case of the University of Minnesota Merger. Schull VD, Shaw S, editors. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016 XVII, 147 p. 5 illus., 3 illus. in color p.

A chapter in an edited book

Maeda K, Mizubayashi H. Nanoscopic Architecture and Microstructure. In: Czichos H, Saito T, Smith L, editors. Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011 p. 205–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Medical Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. What Is The Biggest Star In The Universe? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/what-biggest-star-universe/, accessed on October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Payments in Lieu of Taxes for Federal Property. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981 Oct. Report No.: 116666.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen J. Adherence to medications among Vietnamese Americans 65 years of age and older [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barnes B. ‘La La Land’ Leads the Race for the Globes. New York Times. 2016 : C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Medical Research
Abbreviation	Indian J. Med. Res.
ISSN (print)	0971-5916
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine

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