How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Medical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Medical Research (IJMR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lee JT. Regulation of X-chromosome counting by Tsix and Xite sequences. Science 2005; 309 : 768–71.

A journal article with 2 authors

Karpicke JD, Blunt JR. Retrieval practice produces more learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping. Science 2011; 331 : 772–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Johnson KS, Riser SC, Karl DM. Nitrate supply from deep to near-surface waters of the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Nature 2010; 465 : 1062–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Solanki K, Grover N, Downs P, Paskaleva EE, Mehta KK, Lee L, et al. Enzyme-based listericidal nanocomposites. Sci Rep 2013; 3 : 1584.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stokes DJ. Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure/Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP-ESEM). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

White R, editor. Climate Change from a Criminological Perspective. New York, NY: Springer; 2012 VIII, 232 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Tolk A. Modeling and Simulation Interoperability Concepts for Multidisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity, and Transdisciplinarity – Implications for Computational Intelligence Enabling Autonomous Systems. In: Hodicky J, editor. Modelling and Simulation for Autonomous Systems: Second International Workshop, MESAS 2015, Prague, Czech Republic, April 29-30, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015 p. 60–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Medical Research.

Blog post

Hale T. Which Countries Consume The Most Antidepressants? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/which-countries-consume-most-antidepressants/, accessed on October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications and Information Technology: Federal Programs That Can Be Used to Fund Technology for Schools and Libraries. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Sep. Report No.: T-HEHS-98-246.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

De Felice D. A Phenomenological Study of Teaching Endangered Languages Online: Perspectives from Nahua and Mayan Educators [Doctoral dissertation]. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear MD, Davenport C. World Leaders Increase Pressure on Trump to Stay in the Paris Climate Deal. New York Times. 2017 : A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Medical Research
Abbreviation	Indian J. Med. Res.
ISSN (print)	0971-5916
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine